eoMPosiT^. (composite family.) 185 



* * * Pappus not plumose to the naked eye : corolla smooth inside. 



4. li. SCariosa, Willd. Stem stout (2° -5° high), pubescent or hoary ; 

 leaves (smooth, rough, or pubescent) lanceolate; the lowest oblong-lanceolate or 

 oboroate^blonff, tapering into a petiole ; heads few or many, large, 30 - 40-flowered ; 

 scales of the broad or dressed involucre dbooate or spatulate, very numerous, vnth dry 

 and scarious often colored tips or margins. — Dry sandy soil, New England to 

 Wisconsin, and southward. — A widely variable species: heads 1' or less in 

 diameter. 



5. li. pilosa, Willd. Beset with long scattered hairs ; stem stout; leaves 

 linear or linear-lanceolate, elongated; heads few, 10-15-flowered; scaks of the 

 top-shaped or bell-shaped involucre slightly margined, the outer narrowly eblong, very 

 obtuse, the innermost linear. — Mountains of Vu-ginia and southward. Rare and 

 obscure. Perhaps a remarkable state of L. spicata ; but the flowers themselves 

 as large as in No, 4. 



6. Ii. spicata, Willd. Smooth or somewhat hairy; stems very leafy 

 (2°-5° high) ; leaves linear, the lower 3- 5-nerved ; heads 8-12 flowered ( j'- 

 J' long), crowded in a long spike ; scales of the cylindrical-bell-shaped involucre 

 oblong or oval, obtuse, appressed, with slight margins ; achenia pubescent or smoothish. 

 — Moist grounds, common from S. New York southward and westward. — 

 Involucre somewhat resinous, very smooth. 



7. Ii. graminifolia, Willd. Hairy or smoothish; stem {l°-3°liigh) 

 slender, leafy ; leaves linear, elongated, 1-nerved; heads several or numerous, 

 in a spike or raceme, 7-12-flowered; scales of the obconiocd or obovoid involucre 

 spatulate or oblong, obtuse or somewhat pointed, rigid, appressed ; achenia hairy. — 

 Virginia and southward. — Inflorescence sometimes panicled, especially in 



Var. dultia. Scales of the involucre narrower and less rigid, oblong, often 

 ciUate. (L. dubia, Barton. ) — Wet pine barrens, New Jersey and southward. 



8. I<. pycilOStacIiya, Michx. Hairy or smoothish : stem stout (3° -5" 

 high), very leafy; leaves linear-lanceolate, the upper very narrowly linear; spike 

 very thick and dense (6' - 20' long) ; heads about 5-flowered (J' long) ; scales of the 

 cylindrical involucre oblong or lanceolate, with recurved or spreading colored tips. — 

 Prairies, from Illinois southward and westward. 



§ 2. Stem simple or branched above, not from a tuber : heads small, corymbed or pan- 

 icled, i - 10-flowered : involucre little inibricated: lobes of the corolla ovate: pappus 

 not plumose. 



9. Ii. odoratissima, Willd. (Vanilla-plakt.) Very smooth; leaves 

 pale, thickish, obovate-spatulate, or the upper oval and clasping ; heads corymbed. 

 — Low pine barrens, Virginia and southward. — Leaves exhaling the odor of 

 Vanilla when bruised. 



10. Ii. paniculata, Willd. Viscid-hairy; leaves narrowly oblong or 

 lanceolate, smoothish, those of. the stem partly clasping, Acorfs panicW. — Vir- 

 ginia and southward. 



CAKPHiipnoEus, Cass., differs from Liatris in having some chaff among the 

 flowers ; and C. toment6sus perhaps grows in S. Virginia. 

 16* 



