COMPOSITE. (composite FAMILY.) 189 



Achenia terete. Pappus of soft capfllaiy bristles, longer and copious in the 

 fertile flowers. — Perennial woolly herbs, with the leaves all from the rootstock, 

 the scape with sheathing scaly bracts, bearing heads of purplish or whitisk 

 fragrant flowers in a corymb. (Name from vdpSos, spikenard, and oa-firi, odor.) 

 1. N. palmata, Hook. Leaves rounded, somewhat kidney-form, white- 

 woolly beneath, palmately and deeply 5 - 7-lobed, the lobes toothed and cut. 

 (Tussilago palmata. Ait. T. frigida, Bigd.) — Swamps, Maine and Mass. to 

 Michigan and northward : rare May. — Full-grown leaves 6' - 10' broad. 



lO. T1JSSIL.AOO, Tourn. Coltsfoot. 



Head many-flowered ; the ray-flowers narrowly ligulate, pistillate, fertile, in 

 many rows ; the tubular disk-flowers few, staminate. Scales of the involucre 

 nearly in a single row. Receptacle flat. Fertile achenia cylindrical-oblong. 

 Pappus capillary, copious in the fertile flowers. — A low perennial, with hori- 

 zontal creeping rootstocks, sending up scaly simple scapes in early spring, 

 bearing a single head, and producing rounded-heartshaped angled or toothed 

 leaves later in the season, woolly when young. Flowers yellow. (Name from 

 tussis, a cough, for which the plant is a reputed remedy.) 



1. T. FIkfara, L. — "Wet places, and along brooks, northern parts of New 

 England and New York. (Nat. from Eu.) 



11. ADEIVOCAtlLiOlV, Hook. Adenocaulok. 



Heads 5-10-flowered; the flowers all tubular and with similar corollas ; tho 

 marginal ones pistillate, fertile ; the others staminate. Scales of the involucre 

 equal, in a single row. Achenia elongated at maturity, club-shaped, beset with 

 stalked glands above. Pappus none. — Slender perennials, with the alternate 

 thin and petioled leaves smooth and green above, white woolly beneath, and few 

 small (whitish) heads in a loose panicle, beset with glands (whence the name, 

 from aBfjV, a gland, and KavKos, a stem). 



1. A> bicolor, Hook. Leaves triangular, rather heart-shaped, with angu- 

 lar-toothed margins ; petioles marguied. — Moist woods, shore of L. Superior, 

 and northwestward. 



12. SERICOCARPUS, Nees. "White-topped Astek. 



Heads 12-15-flowered, radiate; the rays about 5, fertile (white). Involucre 

 somewhat cylindrical or club-shaped; the scales closely imbricated in several 

 rows, cartilaginous and whitish, appressed, with short and abrupt often spread- 

 in'' green tips. Receptacle alveolate-toothed. Achenia short, inversely py- 

 ramidal, very silky. Pappus simple, of numerous capillary bristles. — Peren- 

 nial tufted herbs (l°-2° high), with sessile somewhat 3-ncrved leaves, and 

 small heads mostly in little clusters, disposed in a flat corymb. Disk-flowers 

 pale yellow. (Name from irrjptKos, sUky, and Kapiros, fruit.) 



1. S. SoUdagineuS, Nees. Smooth, slender; haves linear, rigid, ob- 

 tuse, entire, with rough margins, tapering to tho base ; heads narrow (3" long), 



