COMPOSITE. (composite FAMILY.) 215 



top, with no pappus, or a, minute crown-like border. — Chiefly perennial herbs, 

 with alternate leaves, and showy heads terminating the stem or branches ; the 

 rays generally long and drooping, yellow. (Named in honor of the Professors 

 RudbaJc, father and son, predecessors of Linnseus at Upsal.) 



* Disk columnar in fruit, dull greenish-ydlow : leaves divided and cut. 



1. R. laciniata, L. Stem smooth, branching (3° -7° high); leaves 

 smooth or roughish, the lowest pinnate, with 5-7 cut or 3-lobed leaflets ; upper 

 leaves irregularly 3 - 5-parted ; the lobes ovate-lanceolato, pointed, or the upper- 

 most undivided ; heads long-peduncled ; chaff tiTjncatc and downy at the tip ; 

 rays linear (l'-2' long), drooping. — Low thickets; common. July- Sept. 



* * Disk globular, pale broumish ; lower leaves S-parted : receptacle sweet-scented. 



2. R. subtomentosa, Pursh. Stem branching above (30-4° high), 

 downy, as well as the lower side of the ovate or ovate-lanceolate serrate leaves ; 

 heads short-peduncled ; chaff downy at the blunt apex. — Prairies, Wisconsin, 

 Illinois, and southward. 



* # * Disk broadly conical, dark purple or brown : leaves undivided, except No. 3. 



3. R. trilolta, L. Hairy, much branched (2° -5° high), the branches 

 slender and spreading ; upper leaves ovate-lanceolate, spaiingly toothed, the lower 

 3-lobed, tapering at the base, coarsely senate (those from the root pinnately parted 

 or undivided) ; rays 8, oval or oblong ; chaff of the black-pui-ple disk smooth, 

 owned, (f) — Diy soil, Penn. to Illinois, and southward. Aug. — Heads small, 

 but numerous and showy. 



4. R. speciosa, Weuder. Eoughish-hau-y (l°-2° high), branched; the 

 branches upright, elongated and naked above, terminated by single large heads ; 

 leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, pointed at both ends, petioled, 3 - 5-nerved, coarsely 

 and unequally toothed or incised ; involucre much shorter than the numerous elon- 

 gated (I'-lJ') rays; chaff of the dark purple disk acutish, smdbth. — Dry soil, 

 W. Penn. to Ohio and Virginia. July. 



5. R. fulgida, Ait. Haity, the branches naked at the summit and bear- 

 ing single heads ; leaves spatulate-oblong -or lanceolate, partly clasping, triple-nerved, 

 the upper entire, mostly obtuse ; rays about 12, equalling or exceeding the involucre ; 

 chaff of the dark purple disk nearly smooth and blunt. — Dry soil, Penn. to 

 Kentucky and southward. — Variable, 1° - 3° high ; the rays orange-yellow. 



6. R. hirta, L. Very rough and bristly-hairy throughout ; stems simple 

 or branched near the base, stout (l°-2° high), naked above, bearing single 

 large heads ; leaves nearly entire ; the upper oblong or lanceolate, sessile ; the lower 

 spatulate, triple-nerved, petioled ; rays (about 14) more or less exceeding the 

 involucre; chaff of the dull brown disk hairy at the tip, acutish. — Dry soil, W. 

 New York to Wisconsin and southward. Also in S. New York (White Plains) 

 and various parts of N. England, but probably of recent introduction. Aug. — 

 Coarser and less showy than the preceding, variable in the size of the rays. 



38. liEPACHYS, Eaf. (Obelisoaria, Z>C.) 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the rays few, neutral. Scales of the involucre 

 few and small, spreading. Receptacle oblong or columnar : the chaff truncate. 



