COMPOSITE. (composite FAMILY.) 217 



on naked peduncles ; scales of the involucre ovate-lanceolate, pointed, ciliate. — 

 Dry open places, Ohio to Illinois, and southward. — Leaves almost as thick as 

 in No. 3. Rays showy, l'-2' long. 



5. H. occideiitklis, Biddell. Somewhat hairy ,- stem slmder, simph, 

 naked abooe ( 1° - 3° high, and sending out runners from the base), bearing 1-5 

 small heads on long peduncles ; lowest leaves oval or lanceolate-ovate, 3-nerved, 

 obscurely serrate, roughish-pvbescent beneath, abruptly contracted into long hairy peti- 

 oles ; the Upper small and remote (all opposite), entire; scales of the involucre 

 oval-lanceolate, pointed, ciliate. — Dry baiTcns, Qhio to Wisconsin, Kentucky, 

 and soutliward. 



6. H. cinerens, var. SuIIivd.ntii, Torr. & 6r. Gray with a close 

 roughish pubescence ; stem branching above, haiiy ; leaves ovate-oblong, sessile by a 

 narrowed base, acute, obscurely serrate ; the upper small and remote ; peduncles 

 slender; scales of the involucre lanceolate, hoary. — Darby Plains, Ohio, Sidli- 

 vant. Stem 2° - 3° high, bearing few heads as large as those of the next. 



7. H. mdlUs, Lam. Stem clothed with soft white hairs, simple, leafy to 

 the top (2° -4° high) ; leaves ovate, with a broad heart-shaped and clasping base, 

 pointed, nearly entire, hoary above, very soft white-wooUy and reticulated under- 

 neath ; scales of the involucre lanceolate, downy. — Ban'ens and prairies, Ohio 

 to Illinois, and westward. 



* * * Heads small : scales of the involucre few, shorter than the yellow disk, irregu- 

 larly imbricated, appressed, the outer with spreading foliaceous pointed tips : rays 

 5 - 8 : leaves all but the uppermost opposite. 



8. H. niicrocephalus, Torr. & Gr. Stem smooth (3° -8° high), with 

 numerous slender branches above ; leaves thin, ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, some- 

 what seri'ate, veiny, petiolcd, rough above, downy or hairy uruierneath ; pedun- 

 cles slender, rough ; scales of the involucre ovate and ovate-lanceolate, ciliate, 

 — Thickets, W. Penn. to Illinois, and southward. — Heads J' broad, the rays 

 nearly 1' long. 



9. II. laevigatllS, Torr. & Gr. Stem slender (l°-4° high), simple or 

 sparingly branched, very smooth and glabrous throughout, as well as the slightly 

 seiTate lanceolate leaves. — Dry soil, Alleghany Mountains, west of the Warm 

 Springs of Virginia, and southward. 



* * * # Heads middle-sized or large : scales of the involucre irregularly imbricated, 



hose, with spreading foliaceous tips, as long as the yellow disk or longer. 



H- Leaves chiefly alternate or scattered, feather-veined, sometimes obscurely triple-ribbed. 



10. H. gigSlllteilS, L. Stem hairy or rough (3° -10° high), branched 

 above ; leaves lanceolate, pointed, serrate, very rough above, rough-hairy beneath, 

 narrowed and ciliate at the base, but nearly sessile ; scales of the involucre long, 

 linear-lanceolate, pointed, hau-y, or strongly ciliate. — Var. AMsfouns has most 

 of the leaves opposite and closely sessile by an obtuse base, and approaches No. 



13. Low thickets and swamps; common. Heads somewhat coryrabed: the 



pale yellow rays 15-20. 



11. H. grosse-scvriitns, Martens. Stem smooth and glaucous, at least 

 below (5° -10° high); leaves elongated-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, taper- 



19 



