222 COMPOSITE, (composite familt.) 



Jate, pointed, coarsely toothed, mostly stalked; outer leafy involucre much longer 

 than the head, ciliate below ; rays none; achenia wedge-obovcUe, 2-aimid, the mar- 

 gins dilate with upward bridles, except near the summit. — Moist waste places, a 

 common coarse weed, very troublesome ; the achenia, as in the otlier species, 

 adhering by their retrorsely barbed awns to the dress, and to the fleece of ani- 

 mals. July- Sept. — In Western New York, Dr. Sartwell has found it with 

 one or two small rays ! 



2. B. connata, Muhl. (Swamp Beggae-tioks.) Smooth (10-20 

 high) ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, pointed, sharply serrate, tapering 

 into margined petioles which are slightly united at the base ; the lower often 3- 

 divided; the lateral divisions united at the base and decurrent on the petiole; scales of 

 the outer involucre longer than the head, mostly obtuse, scarcely ciliate ; rays 

 none ; achenia narrowly wedge-form, 3- (2 - 4-) awned, and with downwardly barbed 

 margins. (B. tripartita, Bigd.) — A thin-leaved more petioled fonn is B. petio- 

 lata, Nutt. — Wet grounds. New York to Illinois, and southward. 



3. B. cerntia, L. (Buk-Marigold.) Nearly smooth (5' -10' high); 

 haves all undivided, lanceolate, unequally serrate, scarcely connate; heads nodding, 

 with or without (light yellow) rays; outer involucre longer than the head ; ache- 

 nia wedge-obovate, 4-awned, the margins downwardly barbed. — Wet places. 

 New England to Wisconsin, and northward. — Bays, when present, smaller than 

 in the next, the leaves irregularly toothed, and the outer involucre more leaf- 

 like. (Eu.) 



4. B. chrysanthemoldes, Michx. (Bck-Makigold.) Smooth, 

 erect or reclining at the base (6' -30' high) ; leaves lanceolate, tapering at both- 

 ends, more or less connate, regularly serrate ; heads erect or nodding, conspicuously 

 radiate; outer involucre mostly shorter than the golden-yellow (1' long) rays; 

 achenia wedge-shaped, with almost prickly downwardly barbed margins ; awns 

 2, 3, or 4. — Swamps; common. Aug. -Oct. — Probably runs into No. 3. 



* # Achenia Unear-i-sided, slender, tapering at the summit, 



5. B. Beckii, Torr. (Water Marigold.) Aquatic, smooth; stems 

 long and slender, bearing crowded immersed leaves many times dissected into fin& 

 capillary divisions ; the few emerging leaves lanceolate, slightly connate, toothed ; 

 heads single, short-peduncled ; involucre much shorter than the showy (golden-yel- 

 low) rays; achenia linear, thickish, smooth (J' long), bearing 4-6 stout diver- 

 gent awns which are 1' long, barbed only towards the apex. IJ. — Ponds and 

 slow deep streams, Massachusetts (rare) to Illinois and Wisconsin. 



6. B. bipinnata, L. (Spanish Needles.) Smooth, branched (1° - 

 4° high) ; leaves l-3-pinnately parted, petioled; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, mostly 

 wedge-shaped at the base ; heads small, on slender peduncles ; outer involucre of 

 linear scales, nearly as long as the short pale yellow rays ; achenia long and slender, 

 4-grooved and angled, nearly smooth, 3 -4-awned. (I) — Dry soil, Connecticut 

 to Illinois, and southward. 



43. TEBBESIIVA, L. Crownbeabd. 



Heads several - many-flowered ; the rays pistillate, few, or sometimes none. 

 Scales of the erect involucre few, imbricated in 2 or more rows. Receptacle 



