COMPOSITE. (COMPOSlTTi: FAMIIY.) 23b 



70. LiAPPA, Toum. Buedock. 



Heads many-flowered, the flowers all perfect and Bimilar. Involucre globular ; 

 the imbricated scales coriaceous and appressed at the base, tipped with an abrupt 

 and spreading awl-shaped hook-pointed appendage. Beceptacle bristly. Ache 

 nia oblong, flattened, wrinkled transTcrsely. Pappus short, of numerous rough 

 bristles, not united at the base, deciduous. — Coarse biennial weeds, with very 

 large unarmed heart-shaped and petioled leaves, the lower surface somewhat 

 woolly. Heads small, solitary or clustered: flowers purple, rarely white. 

 (Name from Xa^elv, to lay hold, the involucre forming a hooked bur which holds 

 tenaciously to the dress, or the fleece of animals.) 



1. Li. mXjoe, Gsertn. (Common Burdock.) Upper leaves ovate, the 

 lower heart-shaped ; involucre smoothish. (Arctium Lappa, L.) — Waste 

 places in rich soil, and around dwellings. — A variety with woolly heads (L. 

 tomentosa. Lam.), rarely with pinnatifid leaves, is occasionally seen. (Nat. 

 from Eu.) 



Suborder II. LIGULiIFIidR^. (Cichorace^.) 



yi. LiA.MPSANA, Toum. Nipple-woet. 



Heads 8-12-flowered. Scales of the cylindrical involucre 8, erect, in one 

 row. Receptacle naked. Achenia oblong. Pappus none. — Slender branch- 

 ing herbs, with angled or toothed leaves, and loosely panicled small heads : 

 flowers yellow. (Name from Xanrto, to purge. It should rather be Lapsana, as 

 written by Linnaeus.) 



1. li. cOMMtwis, L. Nearly smooth ; lower leaves ovate, sometimes lyre- 

 shaped. (J) — Road-sides, near Boston. (Adv. from Eu.) 



72. CICHORIUM, Toum. SnocosT or Cichoet. 



Heads several-flowered. Involucre double; the outer of 5 short spreading 

 scales, the inner of 8 - 10 scales. Achenia striate. Pappus of numerous very 

 small chaffy scales, forming a short crown. — Branching perennials, with deep 

 roots ; the sessUe heads 2 or 3 together, axillary and terminal. Flowers bright 

 blue, showy. (Altered from the Arabian name of the plant.) 



1. C. Inttbus, L. Stem-leaves oblong or lanceolate, partly clasping, the 

 lowest runcinate, those of the rigid flowering branches minute. — Road-sides; 

 common near the coast, especially in Mass. July -Oct. (Nat. from Eu.) 



73. KRIOIA, Schreber. Dwaef Dandelion. 



Heads 15-20-flowered. Scales of the involucre several, in about 2 rows. 

 Achenia top-shaped, many-striate or angled. Pappus double ; the outer of 5 

 broad and rounded chaffy scales ; the inner of as many alternate slender bris- 

 tles. — Small annuals or biennials, branched from the base-; the leaves chiefly 

 radical, lyrate or toothed, the small heads terminating the naked scapes or 

 branches. Flowers yellow. (Named after D. Krkg, an early German botoni- 

 cal collector in this country.) 



