BORRAGINACEiE, (bORAGE FAMILY.) 819 



Order 78. BORRAGINACEJG. (Borage Family.) 



Chiefly rough-hairy herbs (not aroTnatic)^ with alternate entire leaves^ and 

 symmetrical flowers with a b-parted calyx^ a regular 5-lobed corolla (except 

 iu No. 1), 5 stamens inserted on its tube, a single style and a deeply 4t'lohed 

 Qoai-y (as in Labiatse), which forms in fruit 4 seed-like nutlets^ each witli a 

 single seed. — Albumen none. Cotyledons plano-convex : radicle pointing 

 to the apex of the fruit. Stigmas 1 or 2. Calyx valvate, the corolla im- 

 bricated (in Myosotis convolute) in the bud. Flowers axillary, or on one 

 side of the branches of a reduced cyme,* which is rolled up from the end, 

 and straightens as the blossoms expand, often bractless, (Innocent, muci- 

 laginous, and slightly bitter plants ; the roots of many species yielding a 

 red dye.) A rather large family. 



Synopsis. 



Tribb I. "BORRAGTZJE, Ovary deeply 4-parted, forming as many separate l-seeded 

 nutlets in fruit ; the style rising from the centre between them. (Root frequently red.) 



• Corolla naked and open (without scales) in the throat, somewhat irregular ! Nutlets fixed 



by their base (separate from the style) ; the scar flat. 

 1. ECHIUM, Corolla funnel-form, unequally 6-lobed. Stamens protruded. 



# * Corolla with 5 scales closing the throat Nutlets not prickly, fixed by their base (separata 



from the style) ; the scar broad and hollowed oat. 

 2* LYCOPSIS Corolla funnel-form, slightly curved and oblique : scales blunt and hairy. 

 8. SYMPHYTUM Corolla tubular, and enlarged at the summit : scales awl-shaped.' 



* * * Corolla naked and open, or with folds rather than scales in the throat, regular. Nutlets 



not prickly, fixed by their base (separate from the style) ; the scar very small and flat. 

 •I- Lobes of the tubular corolla imbricated in the bud. 

 4. ONOSMODIUm. Nutlets stony, smooth. Lobes of the corolla acute and erect. 

 &. LITHOSPERMXJM. Nutlets stony, smooth. Lobes of the corolla spreading, rounded. 



6. ftUBUTENSIA. Nutlets rather fleshy, oblique. Lobes of the corolla rounded. 



4- -I- Lobes of the short salver-shaped corolla convolute in the bud. 



7. MYOSOTIS. Nutlets hard and smooth. X'lowers all of them, or all but the lowest, bract- 



less. 



• # * * Corolla with 5 scales closing the throat. Nutlets prickly, laterally fixed to the central 



column or the base of the style. 



8. ECHINOSPERMUM. Corolla salver-shaped Nutlets erect, prickly on the margpin. 



9. CYNOGLOSSUM. Corolla funnel-form. Nutlets oblique or depressed, prickly all over. 



Tribjb II. HBIilOTROPEJE. Ovary not lobed, tipped with the simple style: the 

 fruit sepai-ating when ripe into 2 or 4 nutlets. 

 10 IIELIOTROPIUM. Throat of the short salver-shaped corolla open. Nutlets 1-celled. 

 11. HELIOPIIYTUM. Throat of the corolla contracted. Nutlets 2, each 2-celled. 



1. ECHIUM, Toum. Viper's Bugloss. 



Corolla with a cylindraceous or funnel-form tube, and a more or less unequal 

 spreading 5-lobed border; the lobes rounded, the expanded throat naked. Sta- 



• In the descriptions we call these clusters racemes or spikes^ for convenience, since they 

 BO closely imitate them. But the flowers are not in the axils of the bracts when these are 

 present. 



