394 uRTicACE^. (nettle family.) 



1. C. Conrcidiij Torrey. Diffusely branched, nearly smooth; dmpa 

 very small, dry and juioeless when ripe. (Empetrum, Tan. Tuckermania, 

 Klatzsch. Oakesia, Tuck.) — Sandy pine barrens and dry rocky placRS, New 

 Jersey, Long Island ; Plymouth, Massachusetts ; Bath, and islands of Penob- 

 scot Bay, Maine. (Also Newfoundland.) April. — Shrub 6' -9' high: the 

 sterile plant handsome in flower, on account of the tufted purple filaments and 

 brown-purple anthers. {Gray, Chlor. Bor.-Am. t. 1.) 



Order 104. URTICACEiE. (Nettle Family.) 



Plants with stipules, and moncecious, dioecious, or sometimes (in the Elm 

 Family) perfect flowers, furnished with a regular calyx, free from the 1-celled 

 (rarely 2-celled) ovary which forms a 1-seeded fruit ; the embryo in the albu- 

 men when this is present ; the radicle pointing upwards ; the stamens as many 

 as the lobes of the calyx and opposite them, or sometimes fewer. Cotyledons 

 usually broad. Stipules often deciduous. — A large order (far the greater 

 part tropical), comprising four well-marked suborders, viz. : — 



Suborder I. ULMACE.aB. Thk Elm Family. 



Flowers perfect or monceciously polygamous. Filaments straight or 

 moderately incurved in the bud. Styles or stigmas 2. Fruit a samara or 

 drupe. Seed suspended. — Trees, with a watery juice (no active or nox- 

 ious properties), and alternate leaves. 



* Fruit dry winged or crested (a samara) : anttiers extrorse. 



1. ULMUS. Flowers mostly perfect. Oyary 2-celled, 2-OYuled. Fruit 1-celled, winged all 



round Embryo straight. 



2. PLANERA. Flowers polygamous. Ovary 1-celled. Fruit wingless, many-crested. 



* * Fruit a drupe : anthers introrse. 



3. CELTIS. Flowers polygamous. Ovary 1-celled. Cotyledons curved and crumpled. 



Suborder II. A R T O C A R P E ^ . The Bread-fruit & Fig Fam. 



Flowers moHcEcious or dioecious, crowded in catkin-like spikes or heads ; 

 the calyx, &c. becoming fleshy or juicy in fruit, but the 1- (rarely 2-) 

 celled ovary ripening as a dry achenium. Styles or stigmas commonly 2. 

 — Mostly trees or shrubs, mth a milky or yellow (acrid or poisonous) 

 juice, and alternate (rough or smooth) leaves. — Stamens inflexed in the 

 bud, and elastically spreading when the flower opens, in the Tribe Morb^. 



4. MORUS. Fertile and sterile flowers in separate spikes. Stamens 4. Calyx berry-hke in 



fruit. 



Suborder m. URTICE^E. The Nettle Family. 



Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Filaments transversely wrinkled and 

 inflexed in the bud, straightening or spreading elastically when the flower 

 opens. Style or stigma simple. Ovary always 1-ceIled, with an erect or- 

 thotropous ovule, forming an achenium in fruit. Embryo straight in the 



