CTJPULIFERiE. (OAK FAMILY.) 405 



the ovoid large acorn. — Low, alluvial grounds, &e. ; common from Penn. 

 southward. — A fine tree; its wood inferior to the White Oak. — Acorn fully 

 1' long; the cup of nearly the same diameter. 



Var. monticola, Michx. (Rock Chestnut-Oak.) Acorn ovoid-ob- 

 long, li' long. (Q. montana, Willd.) — Apparently only a form of the Swamp 

 ChestnutOak, growing in rocky or hilly woodlands ; W. New England to Ohio 

 and southward, especially along the Alleghanies. From the diiferent soil, the 

 timber is more valuable. 



Var. discolor, Michx. (Swamp White-Oak.) Leaves unequally and 

 more deeply sinuate-toothed, often almost sinuate-pinruuifid, whitish-downy beiKath, 

 bright green above ; cup with the scales more pointed, the upper sometimes 

 a\viied, and forming a fringed margin; acorns 1' or less long. (Q. bicolor, 

 WiM.) — Low grounds ; common throughout. — A marked variety ; but prob- 

 ably nothing more. 



5. Q. Castanea, Willd. (Yellow Chesinut-Oak.) Leaves oblong- 

 lanceolale or oblong, acute, hoaiy-white and minutely downy underneath, egualli) 

 and rather slmrply toothed; cup hemispherical, thin, of small appresscd scales, 



' acorn ovoid or oblong, small. — Rich woods, W. New England to Wisconsin 

 and southward. — This has the leaves shaped more like those of the Chestnut 

 than any other, which, with the small fruit, distinguishes it from the last. Cup 

 J' across, fine-scaled : acorns |' long. Tree middle-sized. 



6. <i. prinoules, Willd. (Chinquapin or Dwarf Chestnut-Oak.) 

 Leaves obovate and hnceolate oblong, coarsely tvavy-toothed, downy underneath ; 

 peduncles short or none; cup hemispherical, thin; acorn ovoid, small (about as 

 large as in No. 5). (Q. Chinquapin, Pursh.) — Sandy soil. New England, and 

 Albany, New York, to Ohio, Kentucky, and southward. — Shrub 2° - 6° high. 



§ 2. Fruit not maturing until the second year, sessile or nearly so : kei'nd bitter. 

 # Leaves evergreen, entire or nearly so, hoary beneath. — Live Oaks. 



7. ^. virens, Ait. (Live Oak.) Leaves obtuse, coriaceous, oblong or 

 elliptical, hoary beneath; cup top-shaped; acorn oblong. — Coast of Virginia and 

 southward. Eai-ther south becoming a large and invaluable tree. 



8. Q. cinerea, Michx. (Upland Willow-Oak.) Leaves acute, lance- 

 oblong, white-downy beneath; cup saucer-shaped; acorn globular. — Pine baiTcns, 

 Virginia and southward. A small tree. 



# * Leaves deciduous, entire, narrow. — Willow-Oaks. 



9. Q. PbcllOS, L. (Willow-Oak.) Leaves linear-lanceolate, narrowed 

 to both ends, smooth, light gi'een ; cup saucer-shaped ; acorn globular. — Sandy 

 low woods. Long Island and New Jersey to Kentucky and southward. — Tree 

 30° - 5U° high, remarkable for the willow-liko leaves, which are 3' - 4' long. 

 Fruit small. 



10. Q. iin1>ricaria, Michx. (Laurel or Shingle Oak.) Leaves 

 lanceolate-oblong, mucronate, tbickish, smooth and shining above, somewhat downy 

 underneath ; cup saucer-shaped; acora globular. — Barrens and open woodlands. 

 New Jersey to Wisconsin and southward. — Tree 30° -50° high; the wood 

 used for shingles in the Westeni States, whence the name. 



