LiLiACE^. (lilt family.) 471 



* * Mowers nodding, beU-shaped, the sessile sepals revolute. 



3. li. Cauadense, L. (Wild Yellow Lily.) .Leaves remotdy wjwrled, 

 lanceolate, strongly 3-nerved, the margins and nerves rough, flowers few, long- 

 pedancled, oblong-bell-shaped, the sepals recurved-spreading above the middle, yel- 

 low, spotted inside with purple. — Moist meadows and bogs ; common, especially 

 northward. June, Jnly. — Stem 2° - 3° high. Flower 2' - 3' long. 



4. li. Stiperbum, L. (Tdkk's-cae Lily.) Lower leaves wkorled, lan- 

 ceolate, pointed, 3-nerved, smooth ; flowers often many (3 - 20 or 40) in a pyram- 

 idal raceme ; sepals strongly revolute, bright orange, with numerous dark pui-ple 

 spots inside. — Rich low grounds ; rather common . July, Aug. — Stem 3° - 7° 

 high : sepals 3' long. L. Carolinianum, Michx., is apparently a variety of this. 



L. cAndidum, the White Lily, and L. BCLBiFEEUM, the Okange Bulb- 

 bearing Lily, are most common in gardens. 



11. ERYTHROIVIUM:, L. Dog's-tooth Violet. 



Perianth lily-like, of 6 distinct lanceolate sepals, recurved or spreading above, 

 deciduous, the 3 inner usually with a callous tooth on eacli side of the erect 

 base, and a groove in the middle. Filaments 6, awl-shaped : anthers oblong- 

 linear. Style elongated. Pod obovate, contracted at the base, 3-valved. Seeds 

 rather numerous, ovoid, with a loose membranaceous tip. — Nearly stemless 

 herbs, with 2 smooth and shining flat leaves tapering into petioles and sheathing 

 the base of the 1 -flowered scape, rising from a deep solid-scaly bulb. Flower 

 nodding, vernal. (Name from ipv6p6s, red, which is inappropriate as respects' 

 the American species.) 



1. E. Americanuni, Smith. (Yellow Addek's-tongue.) Leaves 

 elliptical-lanceolate, pale green, spotted with purplish and dotted ; perianth pale 

 yellow, spotted near the base ; style club-shaped ; stigmas united. — Low copses, 

 &c.; common. May. — Scape 6' - 9' high : flower 1 ' or more long. — E. bbac- 

 teXtom, Boott, from the Camel's Rump Mountain, Vermont, is probably only 

 an accidental state of this species. 



2. E. Sllbiduni, Nutt. (White Dog's-tooth Violet.) Leaves el- 

 liptical-lanceolate, spotted, not dotted ; perianth white or bluish-white ; sepals nar- 

 rowly lanceolate, the inner without lateral teeth ; style thread-like and club- 

 shaped ; stigma 3-cleft. — Low thickets from Albany, New York, and W. Penn- 

 sylvania to Wisconsin, and southward. April, May. 



13. YlTCCA, L. Bear-Gkass. Spanish Bayonet. 



Perianth of 6 petal-like (white) oval or oblong and acute flat sepals, wither- 

 ing-persistent, the 3 inner broader, longer than the 6 stamens. Stigmas 3, ses- 

 sile. Pod oblong, somewhat 6-sided, 3-eelled, or imperfectly 6-cellcd by a par- 

 tition from the back, fleshy, tardily 3-valved at the apex. Seeds very many in 

 each cell, depressed. • — Stems woody, either very short, or rising into thick and 

 columnar palm-like trunks, clothed with persistent rigid linear or sword-shaped 

 leaves, and terminated by an ample compound panicle of showy (often polyga- 

 mous) flowers. (An aboriginal name.) 



