CYPERACE^. (sedge FAMILY.) 499 



8. S. SUbtermintkliS, Torr. Ctdms (l°-30 long) and slender terett 

 leaves immersed and cellular ; spike overtopped by a green bract, which appears like 

 a prolongation of the culm, oblong, raised out of the water ; scales scarcely 

 pointed ; bristles 6, bearded doumivards, rather shorter than the abruptly-pointed 

 achenium. — Slow streams and ponds, New Jersey and New England to Michi- 

 gan, and westward. Aug. 



* * Splices clustered [rardy reduced to one), appearing lateral by tlie extension of the 



one-leaved involucre exactly like a continuation of the naked culm, 



*- Cidm triangular, stout, chiefly from running rootstocks : spikes many-flowtred, 



rusty broum, closely sessile in one cluster : sheaths at base more or less leaf-bearing. 



4. S. pung^ens, Vahl. Culm sharply 3-angled throughout (1°- 4° high), 

 with concave sides ; leaves 1-3, elongated (4' - 10' long), keeled and channelled ; 

 spikes 1-6, capitate, ovoid, long overtopped by the pointed involucral leaf; 

 scales ovate, sparingly ciliate, 2-cleft at the apex and awl-pointed from between 

 the acute lobes ; anthers tipped with an awl-shaped minutely fringed appendage ; 

 style 2-cleft ; bristles 2-6, shorter than the obovate plano-convex and mucronate 

 smooth aehenium. (S. triqueter, Michx., not of L. S. Americanus, Pers.) — 

 Borders of salt and fresh ponds and streams. July, Aug. — This is the species 

 generally used for making rush-bottom chairs. (Eu.) 



5. S. OIneyi, Gray. Culm Srwing-angled, uiith deeply excavated sides, stout 

 (2° -7° high), the upper sheath bearing a short 3-angular leaf or none, spikes 6- 

 12, closely capitate, ovoid, obtuse, overtopped by the short involucral leaf ; scales 

 orbicular, smooth, the inconspicuous mucronate point shorter than the scarious 

 apex ; anthers with a very shoti and blunt minutely bearded tip ; style 2-cleft ; bris- 

 tles 6, scarcely equalling the obovate plano-convex mucronate achenium. — Salt 

 marshes, Martha's Vineyard, Oakes, Rhode Island, Olney, and New Jersey, 

 Knieslcem ; also-southward. July. — Cross-section of the stem sti'ongly 3-rayed, 

 with the sides parallel. — Much nearer than the last to the European S. triqueter, 

 which has similar anthers and an abbreviated or almost abortive leaf; but its 

 culm is wingless, and the cluster of spikes compound, some of them umbellate- 

 stalked. 



6. S. Xdrreyi, Olney. Culm 3-angled, with concave sides, rather slender 

 (2° high), leafy at the base; leaves 2-3, more than half the length of the culm, tri- 

 angular-channelled, slender ; spikes 1-4, ovate-oblomj, acute, distinct, sessile, long 

 overtopped by the slender erect involucral leaf; scales ovate, smooth, entire, 

 barely mucronate ; style 3-eleft ; bristles longer than the unequally triangular obovate 

 very smooth and long-pointed aehenium. (S. mucronatus, Pursh ? Torr. Fl. N. Y.) 

 — Borders of ponds, both brackish and fresh. New England to Michigan. July, 

 Aug. — (S. mucronatus, L., should it be found in the country, will be Known 

 by its leafless sheaths, conglomerate head of many spikes, stout involucral leaf 

 bent to one side, &c.) 



■1- -I- Gdm terete, naked. 



7. S. laciistris, L. (BntBOSH.) Culm large, cylindrical, gradually 

 tapering at the apex (3° -8° high), the sheath bearing a small linear-awl-shaped 

 leaf or none ; spikes ovate-oblong, numerous, in a compound mnbel-like panicle 

 turned to one side, rusty-brown ; scales ovate, mucronate ; bristles 4 - 6 ; achenium 



