FOREST EXPLOITATION. 141 



in mortmain, the observance of this useful operation, the 

 indispensable basis of all forest management. 



' The method of exploitation referred to in this Ordi- 

 nance was, as stated, La Methode d, tire et aire ; it had for 

 its object: in timber forests to substitute order and 

 regularity of successive fellings of equal extent for the 

 recklesness and disorder of Jardinage ; in coppice woods 

 to prevent the too frequent felling, and also the incon- 

 siderate felling of reserved trees.' 



The Ordinance coniprises many prescriptions besides 

 those relating to this method of exploitation. In regard 

 to this it contains thfese : — 



Chapter XI. — Of Surveyws. 



1. ' There shall be selected and commissioned in each 

 department, a Surveyor, a man of experience and tried 

 probity, to accompany the Grand-Master while he is on 

 his visitations, auction sales, and re-formations, and under 

 his orders to make all surveys, measurements, and ordinary 

 verifications, and those of ^-formation ; and two others 

 shall be appointed in each bailiiwick or Maitrise. 



2. ' They shall only be accepted on testimony to their 

 good life and behaviour, and they shall, before they enter 

 on their duties, give security of a thousand livres,'whicb 

 shall be taken by the Grand-Master as assurance against 

 abuses or malversations which they may commit in their 

 work. They shall make of all fellings tp be sold a figured- 

 plan, on which they shall indicate the corner trees, with 

 their marks, the partition and boundary trees, with a 

 statement of their number, quality, and all the marks 

 upon them, the distance from one to another of the 

 corner trees, and an outline of the felling, both in straight 

 lines and in angles, and all the circumstances necessary to 

 serve for the recognisance or conservation of all the trees 

 reserved. 



3. ' They shall make all the surveys and measurements 



