FOREST EXPLOITATION. 157 



With the explanations cited M. Guinier proceeds to 

 state what reserves h^ would propose. These are :— 



1. Anciens ; Modernes; Balliveaux de I' Age A^., which are 

 designations given respectively to trees left after one 

 complete revolution of successive fellings ; trees left after 

 two of these; and trees left after three or more, and, 



2. All underwood composed of spreading shoots or 

 bushy suckers, and all shoots below a prescribed measure- 

 ment, at a height of four inches. 



Several explanations and illustrations of what is meant 

 are given ; and in regard to advantages to be secured, he 

 says : — ' These are the following — 



' 1. Sufl&cient shelter, and this as complete as may be 

 required according to circumstances, is secured for the 

 stumps, by the reserving of underwood and balliveaux ; 



' 2. The maintenance on the stumps (save with an 

 exception always restricted) of twigs belonging to the 

 underwood and the hailiveaux, serving to keep up the flow 

 of sap; 



' 3. An advance of many years increase obtained by the 

 reserving of the underwood ; 



' 4. The embroussaillement of felling proper to prevent 

 damage done by cattle, and resulting also from the reser- 

 Ting of the underwood. 



' These are advantages which it is sought to secure by 

 the old method of Furetage, and they are common to both 

 methods ; the following, on the contrary, pertain exclu- 

 sively to the new method, which is designed to accom- 

 plish, under like conditions, that in which the former is 

 defective and calls for reform. 



' 5. The production of timber of large dimensions (if the 

 ground be suitable) which may be employed in industrial 

 operations. 



'6. The enrichment of the standing wood material, 

 and the progressive augmentation of the production ; 



' 7. The production of natural sowings by means of the 

 seed cast abundantly by the reserves ; and the amelioratioQ 

 of the crop by the aid of natural reproduction ; 



