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I have seen that at Baldwin. ' It is an insect that pierces the stem 

 of the tree and lays its four eggs, and seals them up with soeae 

 succulent matter. That pest will entirely kill the tree. There 

 is not one inch of the tree that is not perforated by it, and it will 

 have to be dealt with in the Act for eradicating the pests. Then 

 there is the mussel scale. That will also kill the trees. Then 

 there are the red spider, the woolly-aphis, thrips, and various 

 fungi. As for the codlin moth, I have fought it for years, and 

 the only thing to do is, in the autumn, scrape all the soil from 

 around the trees, scrape the trees themselves, take ofE the bands, 

 and burn all the scrapings. Then spray the trees with a very 

 strong solution of whatever you like. I use kerosene emulsion 

 or resin compound, sulphate of copper, or sulphate of iron. Spray 

 the stems and buds. That certainly assists in killing the pests 

 for the following spring. Then, in the following spring, you 

 have to spray the trees with Paris green or London purple, or 

 any other insect destroyer. I use those in December after the 

 fruit has set. About twice in the month is snfificient, and by 

 adding a little bluestone it helps to clear the black spot or fusi- 

 cladium ofE the tree. The bands then have to be put on again 

 in the spring. By doing so you have a fair chance of keeping the 

 place clean — ^that is, providing your neighbours do the same. If 

 they do not, you are infested jiist the same as ever. For the light- 

 brown moth grub the same treatment is applicable. The mussel 

 scale, which afEects the fruit as well as the tree, requires to be 

 sprayed in winter, after pruning, with a strong solution of resin 

 compound, two or three sprayings. The same with the harlequin 

 bug and the curculio. The fusicladium is most difficult to combat 

 with, and I find that sulphate of iron or sulphate of copper, or 

 IXL compound, is a very good remedy and beneficial in the 

 winter and spring. The strength of the sulphate of copper is 

 4 oz. to 40 gallons of water ; sulphate of iron, about 1 lb. to 

 60 gallons of water. The apple tree-borer bores into the branches 

 of the tree, and the grub gnaws away and destroys the branches. 

 The root-borer attacks the lower roots. The consequence is that 

 to get at the root is a difficult matter. It will go down 6 or 

 7 feet in the root, and it is almost impossible to reach it by any 

 means. Bisulphate of carbon will kill it, but it is too expensive. 

 This pest is spreading all over the colony. Pears, plums, oranges, 

 lemons, every tree I can think of. It kills everything before it. 

 It succeeds best in stiff soils. It cannot fly, and sand gets under 

 the wings and legs and destroys it. There is little of it in Brighton. 

 It is one of the greatest curses, and is a native of the colony. It 

 is one of the worst things we have to contend against. The 

 beetle crawls up in the spring into the tree and lays its eggs 

 on the leaf, one egg over the other, or doubles the leaf up. It 



