Contagious and JEpizootic Diseases. 35 



Malignant Anthrax toith External Lesions. 



(A) In Hoeses. — (1) Siberian Boil Plague. This is un- 

 questionably an anthrax disease, and though named fron: 

 Siberia is not unknown in other lands. A slight shivei 

 ing and fever are followed by a swelling on the udder 

 sheath, breast, throat, or elsewhere, which rapidly in- 

 creases sometimes to the size of an infant's head. At first soft, 

 it hardens, assuming a yellow, bacon-like appearance, with 

 red streaks and spots. The animals die in twelve or twenty- 

 four hours, rarely surviving three days. The blood is in 

 the state so characteristic of anthrax, with bacteria, enlarged 

 spleen and sanguineous effusions. In cattle similar tumors 

 appear, mainly on the throat, neck, or dewlap, in sheep 

 and goats on the bare surfaces and in pigs around the 

 throat. In all cases the disease, when conveyed to man, 

 produces the Uue-pox (malignant pustule). At the outset 

 aU cases prove fatal, later recoveries occur under the local 

 use of cold water, or the hot iron or other caustics pushed 

 to the depth of the tumor, and mineral acids internally. 



(2) 3Ialignant Anthrax tvith Diffused Local Swellings. 

 Typhus. This is usually confounded with the pinpitra Juem- 

 orrhagica, which is in no sense a contagious affection, but 

 occurs in weak conditions of the body, as a sequel of de- 

 bilitating diseases (influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.) 

 Our limits forbid extended treatment, hence the general 

 symptoms wiU be named, and the observer left to distin- 

 guish the two diseases according to their origin, commu- 

 nicabihty and prevalence. 



Symptoms. Shivering, lassitude, stupor, impaired appe- 

 tite, whitish discharge from the nose, accelerated pulse 

 and breathing, costiveness with slimy dung or scouring, 

 high-colored, odorous or bloody urine, swellings the size of 

 a walnut or closed fist on different parts of the body, or a 

 continuous swelling beneath the chest and belly, or extreme 

 engorgement of the hmbs or head. These are at first hot 

 and tender, and easily indented with the finger, but soon 

 become hard, ihe skin gets rigid and exudes drops of a 



