48 The Farmer's Veterinary Adviser. 



may measure a foot long and five or six inclies in thickness. 

 They are most common in cattle, especially heavy milkers, 

 with long legs, narrow chest, attenuated neck and ears, 

 and horns set near together. Sheep and swine with a 

 corresponding conformation are next in order of liability, 

 while horses, dogs and fowls are comparatively exempt. 

 Oft-repeated experiment has shown that tubercle is com- 

 municable to healthy animals by inoculation, or by eating 

 the raw, diseased product, and that it is superinduced in 

 any predisposed individual by setting up a local inflamma- 

 tion. It has also been transmitted by the warm, fresh 

 milk, but probably only when the disease has invaded the 

 mammary glands ; in many experiments, including those 

 conducted by the author, the milk has proved harmless. 

 Close, badly-aired buildings (as town cow-sheds) are among 

 the most prolific causes of the disease, as are also changes 

 to a colder chmate, to a cold, exposed locality, or from a 

 dry to a low, damp, undrained region. Finally, any cause 

 which tends to wear out the general health tends to tuber- 

 culosis in a predisposed subject. 



Tubercles may be developed in any part of the body as 

 the lungs, their serous covering, the membrane supporting 

 the bowels, the coats of the intestines, the throat, the 

 spleen, the hver, the pancreas, the ovaries, the kidneys, 

 the bones, especially the ends of long bones, and in rare 

 cases, the muscles and connective tissue. 



Symptoms vary according to the seat of the deposit, yet 

 there is a constitutional condition common to all, and the 

 lungs are almost always involved in the later stages, giving 

 rise to a great similarity of symptoms. The disease may 

 be acute but is usually chronic. The onset is insidious 

 and easily overlooked, tubercles being often found in ani- 

 mals killed in prime condition, and I have seen them in 

 parturition fever, which is always attributed to plethora, 

 .There is some dullness, loss of vivacity, tenderness of the 

 withers, back and loins, and of the walls of the chest, oc- 

 casional dryness of the nose, heat of the horns and ears, 



