CHAPTER IV. 



DISEASES OF THE EESPIRATOEY OEGAFS. 



General causes of diseases of the breathing organs. Physical examination 

 of these organs :• — Auscultation, percussion. Bleeding from the nose. Nasal 

 Catarrh. Cold in the head. Collectionof matter in the nasal sinuses. Ab'. 

 scess of the false nostril. Abscess in the guttural pouches. Tumors in the 

 nose. Malignant catarrh of cattle. Sore-throat. Croup. Roup. Diphthe- 

 ria. Chronic roaring. Bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis, dander heaves. 

 Acute congestion of the lungs. Pneumonia. Inflammation of the lungs. 

 Pleurisy. Inflammation of the membrane lining the chest. Pleuro-pneu- 

 monia. Broncho pneumonia. Broncho-pleuro-pneumonia. Hydro-thorax. 

 Water in the chest. Pneumo-thorax. Air or gas in the chest. Abscess of 

 the intercostal spaces. Dropsy of the lung. Apoplexy of the lung. Pleu- 

 ro-dynia. Rheumatism of the walls of the chest. Asthma in dogs. Heaves. 

 Brolien-vifind. Bleeding from the lungs. Haemoptysis, Parasites in the 

 upper air-passages. Grut; in the head. Larva o( Qistrus Ovis. Penta.'-to- 

 ma Tsenioides. Parasites in the lower air-passages. Lung-worms of sheep, 

 etc. Lung-worms of liorses and cattle. Gape-worm of fowls. Verminous 

 bronchitis in calves, sheep, swine and birds. 



DISEASES OF THE BESPIBATOEY OEGANS. 



These are of tlie first importance in domestic animals 

 alike as regards their frequency and the mortality and 

 other serious consequences they entail. In young horses 

 especially they are far more common and more destructive 

 than any other class of diseases. Among the general 

 causes of diseases of this class of organs the following may 

 be stated in brief : 1. The great extent of the respiratory 

 surface in the lungs = 200 to 500 square feet. 2. The ex- 

 treme tenuity and delicacy of the membrane covering this 

 surface, protective cells (epithelium) being almost vranting 

 in the air cells, contrary to what exists on every other mu- 

 cous surface in the body. 3. The extraordinary work tc 



