84 The Farmer's Veterinary Adviser. 



prossion of the bones of the nose, tumors in the nose, 

 throat, windpipe or bronchi, false membranes extending 

 across the air passages, dropsical swelling about the 

 throat, and ia stallions undue accumulations of fat, may 

 give rise to it. In the typical form with palsy of the 

 laryngeal muscles the animal grunts (groans) when led up 

 to a wall and a feint is made to strike him on the ribs. 

 If galloped up a steep hiU or over a newly-plowed field, 

 or even for some distance on level ground, the roaring 

 is strikingly brought out. The same holds good if made 

 to draw a heavy load or one with the wheels dragged. 



Treatment. In incipient cases with simple thickening 

 of the mucous membrane, benefit may arise from swabbing 

 out the larynx with nitrate of silver solution, as recom- 

 mended for croup, or firing the skin over the throat with 

 a red-hot iron. But if the muscles are wasted and fatty 

 these means wiLl be fruitless, and we must look to mechan- 

 ical or surgical measures for help. Pads attached to the 

 nose-band of the bridle and so arranged that they will 

 he on the false nostrils and check somewhat the ingress of 

 air wiU enable many roarers to do moderate work 

 with comparative comfort. In the worst cases, in which 

 the animal is rendered useless, tracheotomy may be per- 

 formed and the animal made to breathe through a tube 

 inserted in the middle of the neck. Or finally, the larynx 

 may be laid open with the knife, and the flap of gristle 

 (arytenoid), which is drawn in, valve-hke, over the opening 

 by the current of air, cut off. 



Some cases of roaring due to feeding on vetches, (Lath- 

 yrus Saliva or Cicera) may be cured by changing the 

 feed, and giving some doses of nux vomica. Others duo 

 to dropsical effusions appear intermittently and may be 

 benefited by tonics and iodide of potassium, with hard, 

 dry feeding and exercise. Tumors and other mechanical 

 obstructions must be removed with the knife. 



Finally roaring is often hereditary in horses with a nar- 

 row space between the jaws and thick short neck, with 



