88 The Farmer's Veterinary Adviser. 



water and cover thickly with dry ones, the limbs being 

 meanwhile actively hand-rubbed to bring the blood to this 

 part of the skin which the rug cannot reach. 



If the patient survives and does not at once entirely re- 

 cover the case becomes one of pneumonia. 



PNEUMONIA. INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 



Causes. The same as in other acute diseases of the 

 chest. Also the result of overexertion and acute conges- 

 tion, or of parasites in the lung. 



Symptoms. If not following an acute congestion as 

 above described there is shivering, more or less severe ac- 

 cording to the gravity of the attack, and usually a dry 

 cough. This is followed by hot skin, with increased tem- 

 perature, quick but deep labored breathing and a fuU but 

 oppressed rolling pulse, redness of the membranes of the 

 eye, nose and mouth ; the cough is deep as if from the 

 depth of the chest but not so hard nor so painful as in bron- 

 chitis. The horse always, and the ox, in bad cases, obstinate- 

 ly stands with legs apart, elbows turned out, nose extended 

 and usually approached to a door or window. In cattle expi- 

 ration is generally accompanied by a moan. With the fevei 

 there is costiveness, high-colored, scanty urine, in cattle, 

 heat of horns and ears and dryness of muzzle, and hide- 

 bound. Auscultation detects a very fine crackling (crepi- 

 tation) over the affected part of the lung or there may b(3 

 an area of no sound encircled by a Hne of crepitation and 

 beyond that by the normal murmur slightly increased. 

 Or over the dull spot the blowing sounds from the larger 

 tubes or the beating of the heart may be detected. Per- 

 cussion causes flinching or even groaning when the affected 

 part is reached ; the space where sound was wantiog in 

 auscultation sounds dull and solid and the remainder of 

 the chest retains its healthy resonance. There is no ten- 

 derness on merely piachiag the spaces between the ribs. 

 By auscultation and percussion the increase or decrease 

 of sohdification (liepatization) of the lung may be followed 



