208 The Farmer's Veterinary Adviser. 



to efface the S-shaped bend of tlie penis. In the mare 

 the spasm may be overcome by the insertion of one or 

 two fingers through the opening which is found ia the 

 median line of the floor of the passage about four inches 

 from the external orifice. In the cow care is required to 

 enter the central orifice as there is a blind sac on each 

 side. 



PABAIYSIS OF THE BLADDER 



May occur from excessive over-distension, in connection 

 with lock-jaw or rheumatism which prevents stretching to 

 stale, with cystitis implicating the muscular coat, spasm 

 of the neck of the bladder, or decomposition of the urine. 

 It is attendant on disease or injury of the terminal part 

 of the spinal cord, on broken back, etc., and is then asso- 

 ciated with palsy of the tail and it may be of the hind 

 limbs. 



Symptoms. If the neck is involved the urine dribbles 

 away constantly, without straining, is discharged in the 

 sheath and runs down inside the thighs causing irritation 

 and inflammation in both. If the neck is unaffected the 

 urine accumulates in the bladder, causing over-distension, 

 irritation and rupture. The urine decomposes, setting 

 free ammonia which softens and dissolves the epithelium 

 and establishes the worst type of cystitis. 



Treatment. In cases of broken back or disease of the 

 spinal cord attention must be given to that and, if reme- 

 diable, the urine must be drawn off frequently with a cath- 

 eter to prevent over-distension and injury to the bladder. 

 In local paralysis, or after the spinal cord has recovered, 

 apply a blister (mustard) between the thighs beneath the 

 anus or vulva or over the back part of the belly inferiorly. 

 Give beUadonna extract (1 to 2 drachms), cantharides (1 to 

 3 grains) or nux-vomica [^ drachm for large herbivora). 



mFIAMMATION OP THE BLADDER. CYSTITIS. 



Causes. Abuse of diuretics, acrid diuretic plants in 



