Diseases of the Urinary Organs. 209 



the food, the application of blisters (Spanish flies, turpen- 

 tine,) over too extensive surfaces, prolonged retention and 

 decomposition of urine, irritation from stone in the blad- 

 der, etc. 



Symptoms. If confined to the mucous membrane urine 

 is passed frequently, painfully, in small quantities, with 

 more or less floating mucus and flat, microscopic, fibri- 

 nous shreds of exudation entangling columnar or scaly ep- 

 ithelium. The bladder is very tender to the touch and 

 if the finger is passed into it in the female its neck and 

 walls are felt to be thickened, sometimes enormously. 

 There are colicky pains, frequent looking at the flanks, un- 

 easy movements of the hind feet or twisting of the tail. 

 The gait is stiff and straddling. There is fever, usually 

 slight. If the muscular coat is involved there is disten- 

 sion of the bladder, and if the neck participates the urine 

 escapes involuntarily. If due to unreheved stone that will 

 be found on examination. 



The case is most hopeful if due to irritants or some clearb 

 removable cause. 



Treatment. Kemove the cause, whether food, drugs, 

 bHstering agents on the skin, stone, gravel or retaiued and 

 decomposed urine. Give spare, soft, aqueous diet with 

 mucilaginous agents (Knseed decoction or tea, shppery 

 elm, gums, etc.,) laxatives of ohve or linseed-oil, soft pure 

 water at wiU, and mucilaginous and anodyne injections 

 into the bladder (gum Arabic 1 drachm, opium 1 drachm, 

 tepid water 1 pint). Blisters may be used in paralysis. 

 In severe cases these may be preceded by fomentations. 

 Finally, when the acute symptoms have subsided, small 

 doses of stimulating diuretics (copaiva, cubebs, juniper, 

 buchu,) wiU often serve to tone up the mucous membrane. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE UEETHRA. GONORllHCEA. GLEET. 



Causes. Like cystitis this may depend on irritants in 

 the urine, taken by the mouth or appHed to the surface, 

 excessive copulation, connection with a newly-delivered 

 18* 



