216 The Farmer's Veterinary Adviser. 



the urethra will detect one or more hard nodular enlarge- 

 ments at the S-shaped curye or elsewhere. If more than 

 one are present, they may be made to grate on each other. 

 Treatment. If in the papilla or yermiform appendix, 

 try to extract by manipulation. Should this fail, sKt open 

 the duct, or ia the ram cut off the appendix. If higher 

 up it must be cut down upon, through the skin, and ex- 

 tracted. In cattle it is desirable to first pull the penis 

 backward or forward so that the incision may clear the 

 scrotum with its excess of areolar tissue and fat. 



PREPUTIAL CALCULI. STONES IN THE PREPUCE OR SHEATH. 



In oxen and sheep urinary salts often crystallize out on 

 the hairs and may even block the passage somewhat. They 

 are easily removed by manipulation or with scissors. The 

 accumulations of sebaceous matter, in the bilocular cavity 

 on the end of the penis or in the sheath of the horse, some- 

 times receive this name. They are best removed by 

 thorough washing with soap and warm water, and the 

 parts may then be lubricated with sweet-oil. 



SAND-LIKE DEPOSIT OR SOFT MAGMA IN THE BLADDER. 



This is frequent in the horse, the spherical granules of 

 carbonate of lime and magnesia remaining apart instead 

 of becoming agglutinated into a stone. Its mildest form 

 is shown in the passage of a white matter at the comple- 

 tion of the act of urination. When accumulated so as to 

 fiU half of the bladder or more, this comes away ia large 

 amount and is found within the sheath and on the inner 

 f^ides of the thighs, for the urine escapes involuntarily and 

 continuously. 



Treatment. Wash out the bladder by pumping water 

 through a catheter by means of Keed's stomach pump or 

 a syringe, then shake it up with the hand introduced 

 through the rectum and aUow the muddy liquid to flow 

 out through the catheter. Eepeat this until the bladder iy 

 emptied and the water comes away clear. 



