CHAPTER XVI. 



GENEEAL DISEASES OF BONES, JOINTS AND 

 MUSCLES. 



Lameness, symptoms, at rest and in exercise. Diseases of Bones. In- 

 flammation. Ostitis. Periostitis. Softening. Enlargement. Suppura- 

 tion. Ulceration. Scrofulous (Tubercular) Disease of Bone. Softening 

 and Rarefaction of Bone. Rickets. Osteo Malacia. Softening in Cows. 

 Softening in Horses. Big-head. Fractures. Diseases of Joints. Inflam- 

 mation. Arthritis. Synovitis. Ulceration. Bony Deposit. Anchylosis. 

 Open Joint. Inflammation of Bursa; and Sheaths of Tendons. Diseases 

 of Muscles. Ruptures. Inflammation. Fatty Degeneration. Rupture 

 and Section of Tendons. Sprains. Thickening. Shortening. Calcifica 

 tion. 



LAMENESS. 



As the three following chapters will embrace most of the 

 different causes of lameness, the more prominent mani- 

 festations of this failing may be here noticed. 



Standing. The patient should be approached quietly 

 and when you are certain he is free from all exciting 

 causes. If resting on all four hmbs, the pastern of the 

 lame one will usually be more upright than the others. 

 One fore foot advanced eight or ten inches in front of the 

 other suggests some tenderness of the heel or the struct- 

 ures in the posterior region of the lower part of the limb. 

 Bending of the knee and fetlock and resting of the foot on 

 the toe, without any advance in front of the other, usually 

 implies disease of the shoulder or elbow. The advance 

 of both fore feet, the rest being taken on the heels, and 

 the hind limbs brought well forward under the body, 

 should direct attention to the front of the feet. Besting 



