Special Injuries of Bones, Joints and Muscles 331 



ting the bones, with the aid of extension and counter- 

 extension, or even ether if necessary, applying sphnts and 

 bandages from the foot to the elbow, and placing in slinga 

 (if a large animal) are the essential conditions. 



SPEAIN OF THE KADIAL LIGAMENT. 



This is an injury of a strong, flat, fibrous band, coming 

 from the lower third of the fore-arm and joining the back 

 tendons just above the knee. It is characterized by a 

 tendency to carry the pastern upright, or even to flex the 

 knee and to stumble. The knee cannot be fully flexed 

 without much pain, and there is a hot tender swelling 

 immediately behind the bone and extending from the knee 

 about four inches upward. 



Treat by rest, a laxative, a high-heeled shoe, and fo- 

 mentations or cooling astringent lotions ; followed when 

 heat and tenderness subside by active bUstering should 

 lameness continue. 



SPRAIN OF THE BACK TENDONS BEHIND THE KNEE. 

 THOEOUGH-PIN OF THE KNEE. 



This is manifested by a tense fluctuating swelhng on 

 each side of the back tendons just above the knee and 

 behind the bone of the fore-arm ; also of a swelling behind 

 and immediately below the knee, pressure on one of these 

 swelUngs causing the fiUing up of the others and vice 

 versa. There may or may not be much lameness, or im- 

 possibility of flexing the knee so as to bring the fetlock 

 pad in contact with the elbow. 



Treat the inflammation as in sprained radial ligament, 

 and the liquid distension by blister, by bandage and pads 

 shaped like half of an egg cut longitudinally, or still better 

 by evacuating the liquid with the nozzle of a hypodermic 

 syringe, and then applying pressure with wet bandages. 



SYNOVIAL SWELLINGS IN FEONT OF THE KNEE. 



These are of three kinds : 1st, the distension of a bursa 

 or formation of a serous cyst under the skin, exceedingly 



