Special Injuries of Bones, Jo ints and Muscles. 3 4 '< 



on the tendons in the hollow of the heel causes much pair 

 and wincing, and the precise seat of injury may be ascer- 

 tained from the position of greatest suffering — in the me- 

 dian line, to the inner side or to the outer. 



Treatment. Shorten the toe, apply a high-heeled shoo 

 and surround the pastern with bandages soaked in cold 

 water or some coohng astringent lotion. A purgative will 

 be useful if inflammation runs high. When heat and ten- 

 derness subside, any remaining lameness may usually be 

 removed by a blister on the front and sides of the pastern. 



FRACTURES OF THE HIP-BONES. 



Fracture of the Outer Angle. In young animals a 

 little nodule from the extreme angle is often broken ofif by 

 blows before it has acquired a firm connection with the 

 parent bone. In the old, the fracture usually extends 

 deeper, three, four, or six inches in breadth being often 

 detached. In either case the fragment is drawn doivn- 

 ward by the muscles leading to a greater or less flattening 

 of the quarter, and it usually becomes attached to the 

 parent bone by fibrous tissue or even bony union. In 

 some instances, the fragment acting as a foreign body sets 

 up inflammation with suppuration and a running sore. 

 The shghter cases are not necessarily attended by lame- 

 ness but if much bone has been detached, with consider- 

 able flattening, there is more or less halting on the limb. 

 Treatment consists in keeping the animal still until union 

 has been efi'ected, or in case of a running sore a free in- 

 cision should be made and the fragment of bone extracted, 



Fracture of the Inner Angle near its Junction with 

 THE Backbone. This is less frequent than the last but 

 still tolerably common. It causes considerable lameness, 

 and grating is heard when the hmb is moved backward 

 and forward. The oiled hand introduced through the 

 rectum may feel the outhne of the bones on the two sides, 

 and detect the change fi'om the natural form on the broken 

 one. If it has been done for some time, there is a soft 

 pasty swelling on the inner side of the bone. 



