352 The Farmer's Veterinary Adviser. 



FEAOTUBE OF THE SHAFT OF THE THIGH-BONE. 



T]iis is marked by inability to use the limb, muscular 

 Irembling, swelling on tlie inner side of tlie thigh, and 

 grating, felt or heard, when the limb is moved in varicua 

 directions. In the larger quadrupeds nothing can be done 

 beyond slinging and quiet, which may prove successful in 

 exceptional cases, but in small animals, dogs and cats 

 especially, a well apphed starch bandage will usually be a 

 success. 



FEAGTUBBS OF THE LOWEE ENDS OF THE THIGH-BONE. 



These are recognized by great pain and swelling in the 

 stifle, with grating when the joint is seized between the 

 hands and the limb moved. It may be considered ir- 

 remediable in the large animals, and recoveries are imper- 

 fect in the small. 



FEACTUEE OF THE KNEE-CAP. 



The small bone in front of the stifle is sometimes fract- 

 ured either across or vertically, causing local swelHng and 

 tenderness with inability to use the limb, which is drawn 

 backward and outward. It is irremediable. 



DISLOCATION OF THE KNEE-CAP. 



Not uncommon in certain breeds of horses, this usually 

 occurs when standing at rest in the stable or rather after 

 rising. The limb is drawn forcibly outward and backwa: d, 

 the foot resting on the toe, and the animal is helpless to 

 move it. The bone may be felt displaced at the outer side, 

 at wliat should be the most prominent anterior point of 

 the stifle. In young horses it may be attended with ulcer- 

 ation of the puUey over which it plays, but, in the adult, 

 this is very exceptional. 



Beduction may sometimes be effected by starting the 

 animal with a whip, the hmb beiag brought forward under 

 the violent effort and the bone meanwhile slipping into 

 place. More comnionly it is requisite to draw the foot 



