VUl CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER IV. 

 An extinct Animal recognized by its Tooth : how came this to be 

 possible ? — The Task of Classification. — Artificial and natural 

 Methods. — ^Linnaeus, and his Baptism of the Animal Kingdom : 

 his Scheme of Classification. — What is there underlying all 

 true Classification ? — The chief Groups. — ^What is a Species ? — 

 Eestatement of the Question respecting the Fixity or Variability 

 of Species. — ^The two Hypotheses. — Illustration drawn from the 

 Romance Languages. — Caution to Disputants Page 86 



CHAPTER V. 



Talking in Beetles. — Identity of Egyptian Animals with those now 

 existing : Does this prove Fixity of Species ? — Examination of 

 the celebrated Argument of Species not having altered in four 

 thousand Years. — Impossibility of distinguishing Species from 

 Varieties. — The Affinities of Animals. — New Facts proving the 

 Fertility of Hybrids. — The Hare and the Rabbit contrasted. — 

 Doubts respecting the Development Hypothesis. — On Hypoth- 

 esis in Natural History. — ^Pliny, and his Notion on the Forma- 

 tion of Pearls. — Are Pearls owing to a Disease of the Oyster ? — 

 Formation of the Shell; Origin of Pearls. — ^How the Chinese 

 manufacture Pearls 107 



CHAPTER VI. 



Every Organism a Colony. — What is a Paradox ? — An Organ is 

 an independent Individual and a dependent one. — A Branch 

 of Coral. — A Colony of Polypes. — ^The Siphonophora. — Uni- 

 versal Dependence. — ^Youthful Aspirings. — Our Interest in the 

 Youth of great Men. — Genius and Labor. — Cuvier's College 

 Life ; his Appearance in Youth ; his Arrival in Paris. — Cuvier 

 and Geoffroy St.Hilaire. — Causes of Cuvier's Success. — One of 

 his early Ambitions. — M. le Baron. — Omnia vindt labor. — Con- 

 clusion , 128 



