LK8S0NS FUOiM I'UltiilUN EXPKU'JV 



93 



into the crop by running liis thumb and finger down 

 tlie outside of the gullet. The second plan varies 

 somewhat. The operator sits upon a stool, with a lot 

 of paste and a bowl of milk or whey before him. The 

 bird is placed upon his knees, its legs held iirmly by 

 them, the left hand holding the wings, and he places 

 a small quantity of food, after dipping it in the milk, 

 into its mouth, allowing it to swallow in the usual 

 manner, there being no actual cramming. Both of 

 these methods are very simple. In some instances a 

 combination of these two methods is adopted. The 

 birds are kept in cages, to which are fitted troughs. 



Fig. 14 FUNNEL FOR CRAMMING 



After each meal the attendant goes round, feels the 

 crop of each fowl, and crams a few of the pellets when 

 it is thought necessary to do so. 



Cramming by funnel is largely carried on in south- 

 ern Normandy. In this case tlie food is made into liquirl 

 form about the consistency of cream. A specially made 

 funnel, the nozzle of which is carefully turned to 

 prevent injury to the bird's throat, is inserted into the 



