Bordeaux mixture and substitute the ammoniacal solution of copper 

 carbonate. It is very likely that this treatment will prove as effectual 

 as I ; at the same time the cost will be less, and the troublesome spotting 

 of the fruit, which always results from the use of the Bordeaux mixture, 

 will be avoided. 



IV. Substitute the ammoniacal copper carbonate for the Bordeaux 

 mixture, making the first spraying when the flowers are opening and the 

 others the same as in I. Former experiments have led us to believe that 

 in ordinary seasons this solution will prove as effective as the Bordeaux 

 mixture, and its advantages over the latter are (a) ease of preparation and 

 application, (6) cheapness, and (o) its property of not spotting the fruit. 



Those desiring to make further trials should test the effect of spray- 

 ing the vines in spring, before vegetation starts, with the simple solu- 

 tion of copper sulphate or Bordeaux mixture, formula a. It is claimed 

 by some that this early treatment has resulted in much good, but on the 

 other hand there are those who have derived no benefit whatever from 

 it. The question is one to be settled by careful experiments. For fur- 

 ther remarks on this subject, see Notes on Fungicides. 



BROWN-EOT AND DOWNY MILDEW.* 



These diseases, which are caused by the same fungus, occur in nearly 

 all sections where black-rot prevails, and experience has shown that 

 one treatment will answer for all. In the great grape-growing region 

 of northern Ohio and central and eastern New York, where the downy 

 mildew is the principal enemy, the ammoniacal copper carbonate so- 

 lution will prove an effectual preventive. It should be applied thor- 

 oughly to all the green parts of the vine, taking care to taake the first 

 application before any signs of mildew have appeared — say, soon after the 

 berries are well set. The importance of early treatment can not be too 

 strongly urged. In all cases it mast be remembered that these treat- 

 ments are preventive, and being such, it is sheer folly to wait until the 

 enemy appears before beginning the fight. 



POWDEET MILDEW.t 



It is only in certain parts of the South and along the Pacific coast 

 that this fungus causes any serious damage. In California it has long 

 been the bane of the grape-grower, and this is strange, considering the 

 fact that it is one of the easiest diseases to combat. It succumbs readily 

 to sulphur either in the form of the flowers of sulphur or solutions of 

 the sulphide. 



In applying the sulphur, bellows should be used, and the first ap- 

 plications should be made ten or twelve days before the flowers open, 

 the second when in full bloom, and a third three weeks or a month 

 later if the disease seems to be on the increase. The best results are 

 obtained when the applications are made with the thermometer ranging 



"Peronospora vitioola, DBy. t Undnwla ampelopsidia, Pk. 



