-oHap. xvui.] Hdward’s Discoveries. 323 
Dating his life-time he has made about five hundred cases 
with no other tools than his shoe-maker’s knife and ham- 
mer, and a saw ; and he papered, painted, and glazed them 
all himself. 
As to the number of different species that he has accu- 
mulated during thirty years of incessant toil, it is, of course, 
impossible to form an estimate, as he never kept a log-book ; 
but some idea of his persevering labors may be formed from 
the list of Banffshire fauna annexed to this volume. 
Many of his discoveries have already become facts in his- 
tory; but a large proportion of them can never be known. 
His specimens were sent to others to be named, but many 
of them were never afterward heard of. This was particu- 
larly the case with his shrimps, insects, zoophytes, corals, 
sponges, sea- slugs, worms, Tunicata, or ‘leathern-bag mollusks, 
fossils, and plants. “Had any one,” he says, ‘taken pity 
on me in time,(as has sometimes been done with others), 
and raised me from the dirt, I might have been able to name 
my own specimens, and thereby made my own discoveries 
known myself.” 
Many of Edward’s friends told him that he should have 
extended his inquiries into Aberdeenshire and the Northern 
“counties; and that he should have explored the coasts of 
the Moray Firth in all directions. Others told him that he 
should have written and published much more than he did, 
or was ever able to do; and that he should have given 
many more facts to the public. The only reply that he 
gave to such advisers was, that he had neither the opportu- 
nity nor the means of doing, so, having to work for his daily 
bread all the time that he was carrying on his researches. 
He had another difficulty to contend with, besides his 
want of time and means. When he did publish what he 
had observed with his own eyes, and not in books through 
the eyes of others, his facts were often disputed by the high- 
er class of naturalists. He was under the impression that 
this arose fsom the circumstance that they had never been 
