APPENDIX. | Mammals. 339 
Mus rarrus [Black Rat]. 
This, the native British rat, though at one time very abundant, is so 
no longer. It has been expelled or driven back, as the Celts have 
been by the Scandinavians, by the Norway rat. The black rat is 
seldom seen now. Pure white varieties have been found. 
Mus pscumanus [Norwegian Rat or Rottin]. 
Very plentiful, and bids fair, ere long, to extirpate his weaker rela- 
tive, the black rat. See p. 115. 
Arvicota amputsius [ Water-rat]. 
To be found on the banks of all our streams. It is sometimes 
turned up with the plow, at a considerable distance from the wa- 
ter. It is a curious circumstance that the water-rats of England 
are mostly of a light-brown color, while those of Scotland are 
usually jet-black. 
ArvicoLa aGrestis [Short-tailed Field Mouse]. 
Plentiful, and very destructive to young trees. 
ARVICOLA PaRTENSIS [Meadow Mouse]. 
Like the last in appearance and habits. It is recognizable by its 
much longer tail. 
Sorex aranzus [Common Shrew]. 
Plentiful. 
Sorex ropiens [ Water Shrew]. 
Found along burnsides, and occasionally in ditches. 
Sorex remirer [Black Water Shrew]. 
Not so frequently found as the last. The water shrew is very diffi- 
cult to be taken. I never could manage to trap any of them: 
they baffled all my ingenuity. My only resource was the gun, 
and even with it I have often had enough to do. I have sat for 
from six to seven hours without moving, watching for an oppor- 
tunity of shooting the water shrew, and been doomed to disap- 
pointment at last. 
Lepus roapus [Common Hare or Maukins]. A 
Very plentiful in the low grounds. See pp. 110, 246. 
Lepus vartaBiLis [Blue or Alpine Hare]. 
This species is only to be met with in the hills and mountains, ex- 
cept when driven down by stress of weather. In very severe win- 
ters they occasionally descend in great numbers to the lower part 
of the county, at which time they are of a pure white. 
Lepus canicutus [Rabbits]. 
Very plentiful, in every conceivable spot, from the rocky shore, the 
