246 LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



vide some contrast of elaboration with simplicity, 

 and of curved with straight lines, these little cir- 

 cular buildings were introduced to emphasize the 

 ends of a secondary axis.* The designer of a 

 scheme of this sort may say to a horticulturist, 

 "At this position I wish a tree or shrub of such a 

 height, form, color, and texture," and he can 

 safely leave it to the horticulturist to determine 

 the species, knowing that the result will be success- 

 ful so long as the specifications are followed. In 

 such gardens plants are used to furnish back- 

 grounds, to form part of an architectural mass, or, 

 as in French and Japanese examples, they may 

 even be clipped to carry out the details and forms 

 of a style. Topiary work is not essential to the 

 formal garden, but is often found in connection 

 with it, and, indeed, would be out of place in any 

 other kind of garden, unless only a single speci- 

 men were used. Topiary (Fig. 58) is not of suffi- 

 cient importance in general landscape work to 

 permit of discussion here. 



In the horticultural pleasure garden the inter- 

 est of the owner centers upon the plant itself, and 

 the entire arrangement of the garden has as its 

 one object the tasteful and advantageous display 



* See pages 80-82. 



