INTRODUCTION. 



19 



The East Indian Prosi.mians. 



The Loris {Lorisida). A family resembling the 



Pottos, with rudimentary index and tail. 

 The Tarsier. A single species forming a family 



by itself; distinguished by its enormous eyes and 



greatly elongated tarsus. 

 The Colugos or Flying Cats {GaLvJ^il/uxus). 



A highly remarkable genus forming a separate 



family distinguished by the possession of a pata- 



gium, or parachute-like membrane, and a very 



pecuhar dentition. 



THE BATS yC/iirop/fra). 



Mammals distinguished by the possession of wings formed 

 by a membrane attached to the body and com- 

 monly also to the hind limbs and tail, and capable 

 of being extended by the remarkably elongated digits 

 of the fore-limbs; complete dentition; two pectoral 

 mamma;; discoidal placenta. 



The Fruit-eating Bats {CayJ>oJ^/taga). 



FTying Foxes {Ptcropida). Bats with flattened 

 masticating molars and mostly with a clawed 

 index or second finger; snout long. 

 The Insect-eating Bats {Entomophaga). 



True Bats or Vespertilionida (Gyinnorhind). 

 The simple nose at the extremity of the snout 

 without leaf-like appendages. 



Leaf-nosed Bats {P/iyllostoiiiata). Bats with mem- 

 branous appendages to the nose, mostly sup- 

 ported by thin plates of cartilage. 



THE INSECT-EATERS [^Insectivora). 



Small plantigrade mammals with a discoidal placenta 

 and all three kinds of teeth; mostly five-clawed toes 

 on all four feet. 



The Banxrings or Climbers {Tipaiic), resembling 

 squirrels, with a sharp naked muzzle, and long 

 tufted tail. 



The Jumping Shrews {Macrosa-nda). Resembling 

 jerboas, but with a long snout or proboscis; natives 

 of Africa. 



The Desmans or Divers {J/yoga/ida). W'wh swim- 

 ming feet, long proboscis, and flattened tail. 



The Shrews or Runners {Soricida). The body 

 resembling that of a mouse, hut with a pointed 

 muzzle and short, almost naked, tail. 



The Crawlers forming two groups: — 



The Tanrecs {Ceiitdida). Natives of Madagascar, 



with the general appearance of our hedgehogs. 

 The Hedgehogs {Eriiiacd). Natives of the conti- 

 nents of the Old '\^'orld, with the body completely 

 covered with spines. 



The Burrowers. Ha\ing the anterior extremities 

 modified into powerful delving instruments ; also 

 forming two groups — 



The jMoles {Talfuia). The digging feet with 

 five digits. 



The Golden Moles {C/uysoihlorida). Moles 

 belonging to the Cape, with a short thickset 

 body, only three digits on the digging feet, and 

 rainbow reflex colours on the fur. 



THE FLESH-EATERS {Car;iivo?-a). 



Mammals with zonary placenta, free clawed toes, well- 

 developed canines and more or less cutting 

 molars. 



The Dog Tribe {Canida). Digitigrade carnivores with 

 long running legs, five free toes on the fore-feet, 

 four on the hind-feet, and in most cases 42 teeth. 

 The Dogs Proper {Catiis). With five toes in front, 

 tour behind, and 42 teeth. 

 Group of the Wolves. Round pupils. 

 Group of the Foxes. Vertical oval pupils. 

 The Hv.enas {Hyirnida). Digitigrade carni\ores with 

 powerful body decreasing in size from before back- 

 wards, mostly with four toes on all four feet, and 

 at most 34 teeth. 

 The Cat Tribe {Fclida). Digitigrade carnivores mostly 

 with retractile claws and never more than 2,0 teeth. 

 The Cheetahs {Cy/miliinis). 

 The True Felines (Fc/i's). 

 Felines of the Old \\'orld. 

 Felines of the New \^■oRLu. 

 The Lynxes (Zy/ix). 

 Fossa {Cryptopivctii). 

 The Yiverrines {Vivenida). Carnivora of small or at 

 most of moderate size, with short legs, and two 

 permanent molars in each half of each jaw. 

 The Civets {Ailiuvpoda). Digitigrade viverrines 



with retractile claws. 

 The !Mangoustis {Cyuopoda). Viverrines with elon- 

 gated toes, large non-retractile claws, and naked 

 soles. 

 The Bears [Ursida). Plantigrade carnivores often 

 with a clumsy thickset body, with a degraded 

 and often scarcely recognizable carnassial and 

 large tubercled teeth. 

 The Small Bears {Siibursida). With 36-40 teeth 



and a long tail. 

 The Large Bears {Ursida). With 42 teeth, in- 

 cluding four premolars above and below, two 

 molars in the upper jaw, three in the lower, all 

 with flat wrinkled crowns, t'urnished with low blunt 

 tubercles. 



