43 



tup: monkeys of thI': old world. 



a mother hoolock "on bcini^ shot lias been seen 

 to take the young one from her neck, place it 

 on the bough beside her, and then drop down dead 

 at the feet of her destroyer." 



The White-handed Gibbon {Ilylobates lar), 

 a pair of which arc represented in fig. 2, is 

 distinguished by having the whole rjf the face 

 bordered with white, and the hands and feet 

 white on the upper surface. 



TAILED MONKEYS 



^C/\UlJAT/i:i. 



With more or less developed tail, ischial callosities, and 

 mostly also cheek-pouches. 



Anatomists have frecjuently drawn atten- 

 tion to the fact that the tail of these and the 

 American monkeys, even when quite rudi- 

 mentary, as in the Barbary ape, presents 

 essential differences in the structure of the 

 vertebra; when compared with the correspond- 

 ing part in man and the anthropoid apes. 

 But apart front these differences, to which we 

 can cjnly allude, great variety is shown in 

 the development of this appendage, which, it 

 must be added, is used only to guide the 

 movements, especially in leaping, never as 

 an organ of touch or prehension, as by the 

 American apes. From the rudimentary stump 

 of the magot or Barbary Ape up to a tail 

 exceeding the body in length, as it does in 

 many Semnrjpitheci and Cercopitheci, all 

 possible transitions an; met with. 



Special attention is due to the i.schial 

 callosities, naked and mostly warty patches 

 on the buttocks, frequently coloured Ijy pig- 

 ments, or sometimes only by th(; jjlood sliow- 

 ing through. No doubt they are attriljutable 

 to the sitting or squatting attitud(; which most 

 of them adopt during the greater part u[ their 

 life, and especially in sleeping. In many cases 

 these spots are almost hidden by the hair, as 

 in the gibbons. They attain th(;ir highest 

 development among the baboons, and in th(; 

 mandrill the various feelings of the creature 

 are even expressed by variations in the colfjur 



of these patches, in the same manner and witli 

 the same clearness as in man they are ex- 

 pressed by blushing. 



Cheek-pouches are very seldom wanting, 

 but in some are only slightly developed. 

 'I hey are formed by an involution of the 

 inner skin of the cheek, and at first are 

 developed only below the opening of the 

 mouth in the skin belonging to the lower 

 jaw, and fjpen inwards by a slit parallel to 

 the opening of the mouth. When further 



i developed they extend over the entire cheek. 

 The monkey, on occasion of his plunderings 



\ of trees, gardens, and fields, when he must 

 be constantly on his guard against enemies, 



I wheth(;r beasts of prey or men, and constantly 



I ready for sudden fiight, stuffs these pouches 

 with his hands and tongue as full as they will 

 hold, in order that he may afterwards be able 



\ to consume thf; prcjceerls of his foray in cjuiet. 

 With respect to the general form of the 

 body and the prominence of characters 

 belonging to the lower animals, we see the 

 most manifold transitions from very slender 

 figures with small nearly round heads and 

 slightly protruding jaws, to extremely rcjbust, 

 thickset, and even massive forms, with very 

 protruding muzzle and a savage and bestial 

 expression. Yet the limbs are mostly of 

 ef|ual length; and when not climbing, the 

 usual mode of prr)gression among these 

 animals is walking on all-fours with the spinal 

 column ill a horizontal posltirjn, the; head 

 slightly erected, and the whole sole of the 

 foot planted flat on the ground. A clear line 

 of d(;marcation cannot be drawn in this respect 

 b(;tween th(; s(;parat(; groups. Among those 

 monkeys which ha\'e massive forms there is 

 a greater t(:nd(;ncy to a te;rrestrial as distin- 

 guish(;d from an arboreal mode of life. 



I'.xcept on the face and the inner surface 

 ol the hands and feet the body is covered 

 with hair, which is mostly, however, not very 

 thick. 'I'ufts on th(; head and tail, beards 

 and whiskers, pf;ncils and mantles of hair, are 

 fre(-|uently develojjed. 



