6 THE FOSSIL ECHINOIDEA 



wanting, and even where the Nari series is deficient, this upper group rests on the 

 Khu-thars. It is not a marine deposit. 



The general conformity of this great tertiary series is evident^although local 

 unconformities occur, and there is evidence in favour of there having been some 

 disturbance of the older rocks before the deposition of the Lower Manchhar group. 

 The subsidence which took place during the deposition of these thick shallow-water 

 deposits was vast ; and there were occasional slight upheavals. The final epoch of 

 the mountain-formation occurred after the deposition of the Manchhars. The strike of 

 the chains is in the main north-and-south ; and the thrust came from the west to the 

 east, and from east to west. 



The date of the great mountain-formation is subsequent to the deposition of the 

 sedimentary strata forming the Upper Manchhars. 



Fig. 1. — Section through Barrah Eill. (Scale, 1 inch to 2500 feet.) 



BanaJi Hill, Fault. 



a, Manchhar strata, rest on pale clays of Khirthar age, with NummuUies Leymeriei, and then on Ehirthar 

 Nummulitic limestone, 6, the beds dipping to the west. This limestone forms the eastern ridge. "West 

 of the ridge is some low ground, in which the upper members of the Eanikot group, c, crop out, also 

 with a reversed dip. They end abruptly against a cHfE of white and grey limestone, the boundary being 

 a fault. This limestone, g, forms the base of the Barrah HUls, and contains Hippurites. A great 

 thickness of sandstones, /, forms the top of the dark-coloured hills. On the top of the hiUs is a bed 

 containing oysters and fragments of apparently reptilian bones. West of the hiUs are olive shales with 

 Cardita Beaumonti, e.- The trap, d, follows, and then the Eanikot group, c, which is of great thickness, 

 and the Khirthar limestone, 5. 



w. 



Parh. 



Fig. 2. — General diagrammatic Section of Khirthar Range, on the north hank of the 



Gdj River. (After Blanford, half size.) 



Khirthar, 

 G4j river. 2000 feet. 400O feet. 



I ; ! 



GAj river. 



Sur Hill. 



Chatia H. S., 

 1900 feet. 



E. 



Indus 

 plain. 



Cretaceous. ,. Khirthar. Nari, G^. Manchhar. 



a, Indus plain ; 6, upper, c, lower Manchhars ; d, Qri] ; e, upper, and /, lower Nari. (Abbreviated from the original.) 



