OF WESTERN SIND. 37 



Fossiles de I'Inde.' It includes small urchins, more or less swollen, with straight and 

 simple poriferous zones. The peristome is small and sunken, and the apical disk narrow 

 and annular. The tubercles are small, usually not very distinct, and are crenulate and 

 perforate ; they arise from the midst of a close miliary granulation, which forms a kind of 

 star around each tubercle. The interambulacral plates have their sutural lines distinct and 

 even slightly grooved, so as to give the test a sculptured appearance. Desor is mistaken in 

 asserting that the tubercles are neither crenulate nor perforate. In the delineations of 

 Goldfussof the species nothing can be made out satisfactorily; but in Desor's pictures 

 of Glyphocyphus radiatus the whole of the ocular plates come into the oral ring, and 

 the primary tubercles have a vertical ridge uniting them. The tubercles are perforate 

 and crenulate in British specimens, and in Glyphocyphus conjunctus (the Arhacia 

 conjuncta of L. Agassiz) the whole of the tubercles are united by elongate granules, 

 but the aboral lines are not so distinct as in the type of the genus. In Glyphocyphus 

 Neocomiensis, Cotteau, the tubercles are both crenulate and perforate. 



Glyphocyphus may be considered to be the type of the group of which Temnechinus 

 forms a part. 



In the Ranikot series of Sind, which is at and above the base of the Nummulitic 

 strata, several remarkably ornamented Echini have been found by the Geological 

 Survey of India under Messrs. Blanford and Fedden. 



Others had been discovered many years since and were sent to MM. d'Archiac 

 and Jules Haime for description in their great monograph ' Sur les Animaux Fossiles 

 de ITnde.' They were described in that work and figured, and were returned to the 

 Geological Society of London. The descriptions are long, and the drawings are 

 exquisitely definite ; bat the specimens themselves are not in a c6ndition to satisfy us 

 even about their generic position, from the light cast upon them by the beautiful speci- 

 mens belonging to forms from the same area and in our hands. 



We are not satisfied that they have true pits at the sutural angles ; and it appears 

 to us that the various species are members of one of the groups typified by Glyphocyphus 

 of the subfamily with raised ornamented ridges and depressions over the sutures. 



The drawings in ' Les Animaux Fossiles ' have misled Desor and A. Agassiz ; and 

 in the report on the ' Challenger ' Echini there is an exquisite drawing by this last- 

 mentioned author of a Pleur echinus, which he compares with Temnopleurus Valen- 

 ciennesi, D'Archiac & Haime. In Pleurechinus hothryoides of Japan the ornamenta- 

 tion is raised, and the sutures are distinctly penetrated by a deep depression at the angle 

 of the plates. It is a true Temnopleurid. But an examination of the type from Sind 

 drawn by Messrs. d'Archiac and Jules Haime proves that it was so weathered that 

 the imagination of the draughtsman was founded on miserably defective structural 

 details. The drawing in the plate of the great work is absolutely a restoration. No 

 deep pits are to be seen at the angles. 



The specimens of Echini with raised ornamented ridges and without penetrations 

 at the angles of the sutures, and which were derived from the Ranikot series of Sind, 

 are numerous. Some are beautifully preserved, others are so in parts, and a few have 

 been so weathered and worn that they might almost be placed in different genera. 



G 



