244 THE FOSSIL ECHINOIDEA 



we have been able to study them from the material at our disposal, to accord with the 

 formula of Micraster in such a manner as to warrant the inclusion of the Khirthar 

 specimens in that genus. There is no form at present known to us in the underlying 

 Tertiary beds in Sind which represents this interesting species, or serves to connect it 

 with Cretaceous forms. 



Ilemiaster is well represented in the Khirthar series ; the most numerous species, 

 however, being the dwarf or pony-like form H. digonus, which is very abundant in the 

 white limestone.. Seven species of this genus occur in the collection ; but of these, three 

 are in such a bad state of preservation as to preclude any specific diagnosis being given. 

 Further material is consequently necessary before a satisfactory estimate of this genus 

 in the Khirthar series can be furnished. 



Brissopsis is represented by a well-marked, characteristic, and moderately abundant 

 species, the nearest alliances of the form lying perhaps in the direction of B. Jimenoi, 

 described by Cotteau from the Miocene of Cuba. 



The genus Metalia is an eminently characteristic and abundant Khirthar form, 

 six species and a variety being defined in the preceding pages. Some of the species 

 were obtained from a great number of localities, and considerable variation in form 

 is noticed. 



The single species of Idnthia is a very handsome and well-marked form. On the 

 other hand, the genus Schizaster is poorly represented ; and, although four species are 

 observed, the individuals are small in number and badly preserved; furthermore, with 

 the exception of *S'. haluchistanensis, the forms here referred to the genus very feebly 

 present the normal Schizaster facies. 



An interesting example of Brissqpatagus occurs in the collection, which exhibits 

 all the characters of the genus, but diff'ers considerably from the other known species 

 of this singular form. 



Macropneustes is represented by two species, which to a certain extent have a 

 peculiar Euspatangoid facies, and one of these was found in several localities. 



Of Euspatangus three species occur in the Khirthar series, and, with the exception 

 of E. rostratus, which also occurs in higher measures, these forms, strange to say, 

 present a striking Macropneustoid facies ; the commonest species, which is also one of 

 the most abundant forms in the collection, E. avellana, resembles very closely in general 

 character Macropneustes Lefehvrei, de Loriol, from the Nummulitic strata of Egypt, of 

 which we consider it to be the representative in the Sindian area, notwithstanding the 

 questionable generic differences. 



Three forms, represented only by single fragmentary examples, have evidently, 

 from the character of their matrix and fossilization, been included by accident in the 

 Khirthar collection ; these are Temnechinus Bousseaui, Breynia cariTiata, and Moira 

 primceva. The two former have already been noticed by us from the Miocene strata of 

 Kachh and Katty war ; and they also occur in corresponding beds in Sind. The Moira 

 appears to be a distinct species from the common Miocene form of Kachh, and it is 

 unfortunate that the true locality of this example is unknown. 



Mention should here be made of four characteristic Khirthar forms which were 



