OF WESTEEN SIND. 285 



than the shaft generally. Spines of this description, or fragments, were found at 

 several localities, viz. : — i. Six miles east-north-east of Karachi. Survey-number G ^^. 

 ii. Entering the hills on the road from Jangri to Bula Khan's Thana. Survey-number 

 G -g-g-. iii. Sarochi, three miles north of Pokhan. Survey-number G -^g^g^. iv. Base of 

 scarp four miles vrest of Trak Hill. Survey-number G -g-j-- 



Figs. 14 and 15 are two Ctdaris-spmes of a rather elongate form, which tapers to 

 a fine extremity, and shows considerable variation in the prominence and coarseness of 

 the thorn-like granules of the ornamentation. A large number of examples of this type 

 were found at a locality four miles south-west of Beynir Hill. Survey-number G -g-g-. 



Fig. 16 is a comparatively delicate cylindrical spine, and the fragments we have 

 'studied indicate no trace either of inflation or tapering, in this respect recalling most 

 nearly perhaps the habit of the recent C. papillata ; the granulation, however, is small 

 and definitely granular, and disposed in regular longitudinal lines. Fig. 16 « represents 

 a portion magnified. There seems little doubt that this form of spine belongs to a 

 species distinct from any of those hitherto noted. The collection contains only a few 

 fragments which came from the base of a scarp four miles west of Trak Hill. Survey- 

 number G-g-g-. 



Fig. 17 is a spine of Cidaris about which we have some doubt. It resembles the 

 fossil given in Fig. 16 rather closely in the style of ornamentation (see Fig. 17a), but 

 diff'ers both in the collar and in the inflated and subfusiform shaft, and appears to 

 present nearer alliances to the series to which Fig. 20 belongs. It seems also to differ 

 too widely both in general habit and character of ornamentation from the spines repre- 

 sented by Figs. 14 and 15 to be ranked as belonging to the same species, notwith- 

 standing the fact that it was found in the same locality, four miles south-west of 

 Beynir Hill. Survey-number G -g^- 



Fig. 18 is a small slightly flattened spine which does not belong to Oidaris at all. 

 It is the only example obtained, and comes from Sarochi, three miles north of Pokan. 

 Survey-number G -g^. 



Figs. 19-28, with the exception of Fig. 24, represent a series of spines selected 

 from a large number, which we believe to belong to one and the same type, notwith- 

 standing a great amount of variability in the inflation of the shaft and in the manner 

 in which the spinulate ornamentation is developed. It is easy to pick out extreme 

 forms in this series which at flrst sight appear irreconcilable to such a view ; but on 

 careful study of the material, intermediate forms may be found which more or less 

 clearly unite the extremes and seem to justify the assumption that all belong to the 

 same species. Species of recent Cidaris may be pointed to in which the variability 

 of the spine is quite as great. The spines, which were inferentially referred by 

 d'Archiac and Haime to their Cidaris halaensis (An. foss. de ITnde, p. 197, pi. xiii, 

 figs. 3a-/), are unquestionably represented in this series, and Figs. 21, 22, 23, and 28 

 may be taken as typical examples of that form ; but we can offer no support or con- 

 firmation to the suggestion of our learned predecessors — indeed, the evidence seems 

 rather to oppose the correctness of that view. In the Miocene series of Kachh we 

 have already noticed fragments of a test which we refer to C. halaensis, d'Archiac and 



