78 THE TEETIAEY FOSSIL ECHINOIDEA 



A great number of small Clypeasters with hollow actinal surfaces, and recalling 

 Clypeaster scutiformis in the general shape, but differing from that modern type, are 

 found in the Miocene of Kachh. Sowerby named and delineated them in Grant's 

 work on Kachh, and they appear to be very common. Larger forms also exist ; but still 

 none of those are found which are so remarkable in their shape and dimensions and 

 which characterize more westerly Tertiaries. 



Clypeaster Waageni and C. Goirensis are rather closely allied; both have thin 

 depressed tests more or less pentagonal in outline, and the relation of the length 

 to the breadth is close, being in the former 1 to 0*82, and latter 1 to 0-88. 



Clypeaster Ooirensis is broadest in front, has relatively smaller petals, but they are 

 decidedly broader than those of C. Waageni, and this is especially noticed in the postero- 

 lateral petals. The very open nature of the distal extremity of the petals is as decided 

 as in the Oligocene species of Kachh ; and there is the same disposition on the part of 

 the last pores of the poriferous zones to open still wider. 



The rarity of fossil forms of EcMnodiscus renders the species from Kachh 

 interesting. It is a true Echinodiscus, departing in no way from the generic type ; the 

 internal pillars are in existence, and the ambulacral grooves have a raised ridge in their 

 long axis close to the peristome, which is penetrated at the free nodular end by 

 two pores. It is closely allied to an Egyptian Miocene form which Fuchs has placed 

 under AmpMope, a genus no longer recognized. 



The Echinolampads from the Miocene of Kachh are numerous in individuals, and 

 there are four species — two of them being new; and the others are Echinolampas 

 sphceroidalis, dArchiac, and E. Jacguemonti, d'Archiac, which were said to come from 

 the Nummulitic series. They do not, however ; but characterize the Miocene series. 

 The other forms recall the recent species, but differ nevertheless specifically from any 

 living forms. 



The Spatangidse are important in the Kachh Miocene fauna. Euspatangus 

 patellaris, d'Archiac, is found in great beauty, the ornamentation being remarkably 

 preserved. It is not a Nummulitic form, and closely resembles Maretia, but it has a 

 fasciole. The anterior odd ambulacrum has exceedingly minute pores placed in pairs at 

 the bottom of small spaces surrounded by a beautiful granulation ; and the actinal 

 plastron is very broad. 



The curious genus Moira has a well-marked species in the Miocene of Sind ; and 

 a careful examination of the morphology shows that it is a very synthetic type, having 

 some of the characters of both of the living species, — Moira stygia from the Eed- Sea, 

 and M. atrofos from the Caribbean Sea. 



The species drawn by us on Plate VII, figs. 9-12, is certainly not a Brissopsis. It 

 is a Spatangoid with sunken open ambulacra, a peripetalous fasciole which passes 

 between large sunken tubercles situated in the anterior and lateral, but not in the pos- 

 terior, interradia, and a well-marked subanal fasciole. The test is tumid above and 

 below. Neither can this species come within the genus Brissopatagus, which has no 

 subanal fasciole, although its peripetalous fasciole lies between large sunken tubercles. 



