166 pRiNdiPLES OP Plant- tekatologY. 



tures, consists of the infolding of the -ventral side of the 

 pitcher or pocket and fusion of its median line with 

 the midrib of the dorsal side or main lamina. 



Thus, both normally and abnormally, the same 

 structures obtain throughout the vegetable kingdom, 

 a fact strongly in support of the theory propounded 

 in this work on the subject of ventral lamellae. These 

 facts demonstrate that there is no distinction what- 

 soever between normal and abnormal structures. 



Miiller describes an anther of Jatropha which was 

 transformed into a trilobed leaf-blade which bore on 

 its upper surface, attached by its midrib, a second 

 rather smaller trilobed leaf, as in Buddlela (PI. XLIV, 

 fig. 3). This structure may be compared with the tri- 

 lobed* petaloid stamens of the tulip (fig. 129), Crocus, 

 etc. This is also comparable to the double vine-leaf 

 described in Vol. I, p. 201, in which the two laminse 

 were coherent by the upper surfaces of their petioles 

 only (PI. XLIII, fig. 14). Thus there can belittle doubt 

 that the leafy anther of Jatropha affords a connecting 

 link between the vine-leaf and the normal anther. 



In this anther of Jatropha, dichotomy is occurring 

 in the plane of the leaf-surface, as in the vine-leaf. 

 Miiller, however, figures another anther of the same 

 plant,representing a scarcely-lobed double leaf in which 

 dichotomy is taking place in a plane at right-angles to 

 the leaf -surf ace (PI. XLIV, fig. 4). This leaf may be 

 compared with that of the Hieraciam described by 

 Celakovsky, when we find that we have before us 

 essentially the same structures. 



Thus the modes of anther-formation already sug- 

 gested, if carried through to the fullest extent, would 

 all equally result in the formation of two distinct leaves, 

 i. e. assuming that dichotomy is playing an exclusive 

 part in the structure. Apical or basal invagination, as 

 described above, may equally well, however, be the 

 cause. Fusion of two distinct leaves, as Miiller points 



* However, the trilobed form assumed by the leafy anther is doubtless 

 due to the fact that the foliage-leaves of this plant are also lobed. 



