192 PEINCIPLES OF PLANT-TEEATOLOGY. 



transformation of many or all of the male flowers into 

 female. This was described by J. J. Smith. 



In such cases as those of the last four plants cited, 

 the change involved is obviously a more profound 

 one than the mere transformation of the stamens of 

 a male flower into carpels ; it may be said rather to 

 consist in the congenital transformation of an entire 

 male into a female flower, or of a portion of, or an 

 entire male inflorescence into a female inflorescence, 

 the intervening stages between the two not appearing 

 at all. 



Finally, there are those interesting cases where the 

 stamen itself is androgynous, and becomes thereby a 

 bisexual sporophyll. In Pinus and Larix the stamens 

 are sometimes seen to bear ovules, but this is rare. 

 Semjpervivum tectorum, as first described by Von Mohl, 

 affords an excellent instance of stamens bearing ovules, 

 and the various stages he discovered of the trans- 

 formation of a stamen into a carpel are also valuable 

 as hinting at the morphological construction of both 

 thege organs. From these cases it is seen how a number 

 of ovules correspond to a single loculus, rows of them 

 occurring either along the outer margins or the median 

 lamella (fig. 132, p. 178). 



It has been shown on an earlier page that the 

 margins of these median lamella really represent the 

 inner magins of two lateral basal lobes of the leaf 

 which have become fused, infolded, and connate by 

 their inner surfaces with the midrib, hence it is quite 

 natural to find ovules in such a position. 



We have already seen intermediate structures in the 

 carpelloid stamens of the poppy above-cited. In P. 

 Bhoeas stamens were also seen in which the median 

 loculi were partly polleniferous and partly ovuliferous, 

 numerous ovules being borne on that portion of the 

 loculus which was sterile and solid. In a stamen of a 

 tulip, one anther-half bore the usual loculi, the other 

 half bore ovules on the outer margin (PL XL VIII, 

 fig. 1). In double flowers of the marsh marigold 



