COHESION AND STJPPRLCSSION. 237 



in the two former cases the orientation of the adhering 

 carpelloid stamens was reversed, thereby obeying the 

 law of laminar inversion. Many instances of untrans- 

 formed stamens fusing with carpels have been seen by 

 other writers. All gynandrous flowers, such as the 

 orchids, exhibit this phenomenon as a normal feature. 

 In some flowers of the pansy {Viola tricolor) which 

 were peloric (all tlie petals being spurred), there was 

 attached to each stamen at the base, and possessing 

 inversed orientation, a slender style bearing a terminal 



Fig. 144. — Caitleya Forbesii. Flower showing the two lateral petals 

 (p° and p^) adherent to the column. (After Magnus.) 



stigma, which often bore a minute DendrypMuiiiAike 

 fungus. The normal pistil was present. This is a case 

 of the adhesion of carpels to stamens as distinguished 

 from the converse condition just described. 



3. COHESION AND SUPPRESSION.* 



SXNAN'l'HY. 



This is precisely the opposite phenomenon to forking 

 and fasciation of the flower ; but the term " synanthy " 

 has been applied in the past, e. g. by Masters, to 

 phenomena which should be included under the head 

 of bifurcation or fasciation, it being preferable to hold 



* Under this term will be included "abortion," " degeneration," and 

 " suppression," as these are merely different degrees of one and the same 

 change. 



