FINAL CONCLUSIONS. 271 



KffiRNiCKE. — "Die Saatgerste, Hordeum vulgare L. sensu 



latiore." Zeitschr. Ges. Brauwesen, Bd. v ( 1 882), pp. 178, 



183. 

 Eaoiboeski. — "Ueber die epiphyllen Bliiten der Gabelgerste 



(Hordeum trifurcatum Schleh.)." Anzeig. Akad. Wiss. 



Krakau, Jan., 1902, pp. 43-48. 

 KoYLE. — Illustrations of the Botany, etc., of the Himalayan 



Mountains, pi. xcvii. London, 1889. ^Hordeum.'] 

 ScHLECHTENDAL. — " Hordeum coeleste trifurcatum H. Monsp." 



Linn^a, Bd. xi (1837), pp. 543-544. 

 Vbies, de. — Species and Varieties : Their Origin by Mutation, 



pp. 203, 676-683. Chicago, 1906. 

 Wendeeoth. — "Das Hordeum trifurcatum." Flora, Jahrg. 



xxvi (1843), pp. 233-239. 

 WiTTMACK. — "Ueber eine neue Gerstenvarietat." Ber. deutsch. 



bot. Ges., Bd. ii (1884), pi. Ixi. 



FINAL CONCLUSIONS. 



* 



So many general conclusions have been drawn in 

 connection with most of the various sections of this 

 work, and so many general statements have been made 

 bearing on the meaning and origin of the different 

 abnormal structures concerned, that hardly any further 

 statement is required at the conclusion of the whole. 



The conviction may once more be reiterated that 

 the vast majority of these abnormal structures are not 

 accidental or freakish in nature, but are produced by 

 the working of the same laws which govern the up- 

 building of normal structures; and that most of the 

 abnormalities are but reproductions, modified accord- 

 ing to the idiosyncrasy of the present types which 

 exhibit them, of normal structures which either exist 

 to-day in other sections of the same group, or have 

 existed in the ancestry and have since become extinct. 



The modern tendency to neglect the study of abnor- 

 mal forms as a guide to the solution of morphological 

 problems, as also the wavering interest of botanists 

 of the present day in the subject of comparative 

 morphology itself (there being a greater concentration 



