CLAY WORKING INDUSTRIES. 119 



Two analyses of yellow ware clays have been made as follows : 



Silica, combined (by calculation),. 



Alumina , 



Water combined 



Clay. 



Silica, free 



Titanic acid 



Sandy matter. 



Iron oxide 



Lime 



Magnesia 



Potash 



Soda 



Fluxing matter.. 

 Water , 



28.41 



24.12 



7.77 



60.30 



31.89 



1.20 



33.09 



1.46 



.59 



.68 



2.42 



29.93 

 25.12 



7.75' 



62.80 

 29.61 



5.15 



Grand total.. 



99.40 



29.61 



1.57 



.57 



.51 



1.95 



4.61 

 2.63 



32.33 



26.60 



7.59 



66.50 



24.11 



99.64 



24.11 



2.00 



.47 



.63 



3.20 



.26 



6.56 



2.48 



99.65 



No. 1. Yellow ware clay from East Liverpool. E. Orton, Jr. 

 No. 2. Yellow ware clay from East Palestine. " " 



No. 3. Stoneware clay from Salineville. " " 



The two yellow ware clays are seen to be surprisingly close in 

 chemical character. The analysis of the Salineville clay was appended 

 to illustrate that it was out of its place as a stoneware clay, and that it 

 was by composition and what is known of its physical properties admira- 

 bly fitted to the yellow ware business. Its easy fusibility as a stoneware 

 clay would hardly affect it at the lower range of temperatures used in 

 burning yellow wares, and would probably only suffice to make the body 

 of the ware compact and strong. 



The average character of the two clays which are now in actual use is • 



Clay base • 61.50 



Sandy matter d ^ 



I™?™*™ ; :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: i: 80 



Water 



Total 89 " 53 



having an oxygen ratio of: 



Acid, 2.57 to base 1. 



Alumina, 9 to flux 1. 

 which indicates that the clays selected for this purpose are intentionally 

 of a more fusible quality than stoneware clays, in order that the best 

 strength of the clay may be developed at the low heats used in burning 

 and glazing. Notwithstanding this, there are at least two establishments 

 engaged in making stoneware and yellow ware from the same clavs in the 

 same pottery. 



