CLAY WORKING INDUSTRIES. 



121 



The biscuit burning is intended to be hotter than the gloss burning, 

 in order to take out all shrinkage that the ware is to undergo before the 

 glaze sets on it. 



The ware as it comes from the kiln or biscuit burn is cleaned with 

 brushes, inspected and sent to the glaze room. The glazes used in this 

 pottery are the simplest kind; they are composed of lead (litharge) flint 

 (silica) spar (felspar), paris white and a small amount of white clay. 

 The ingredients are not fused together and then re-ground as is done in 

 manufacturing fine white ware glazes, but are merely ground in a glaze 

 mill with water till the slip feels perfectly smooth to the fingers. This 

 glaze is used just as the stoneware glazes are used. The porous biscuit 

 ware absorbs the water and leaves the fluxes in a thin, uniform layer on 

 the surface. 



The ware is taken from the glaze room to the packing room for the 

 gloss burning and is there put into saggers again, but each piece is kept 

 carefully from any other by stilts, piers and other devices; these are made 

 of a very refractory pure clay, and though the glaze melts fast to them 

 wherever it touches the ware, the difference in the nature of the clay is 

 such that it is easily broken, loose with but slight marks on the piece of 

 ware. 



About one-third as much ware can be put into a kiln for the gloss 

 burn as can be put into the same kiln for a biscuit burn. The burning 

 processes are short in duration as vitrification is not desired. 



The list of articles manufactured from yellow wares has been gradu- 

 ally narrowing down for some years past. The main articles now made 

 are bowls, nappies, pie plates, pitchers, tea pots and chambers. Trade is 

 as good, as ever but the list of articles has been cut here and there. 

 There used to be a good trade in spittoons which has almost completely 

 gone to the earthenware industry and to metallic and rubber goods. 



The following list comprises the yellow ware manufacturers of the 

 state : 



Manufacturers. 



TheC. C. Thompson Co 



The Globe Pottery Co 



John W. Croxall&Sons 



The D. E. McNicol Pottery Co.. 



McDevitt & Moore 



S.&W. Baggott 



John Patterson & Sons 



Whitmore, Robinson & Co 



E. Palestine Pottery Co 



Fisher & Co 



Total . 



Location. 



East Liverpool.. 



Wellsville 



Akron 



E. Palestine.. 

 Cincinnati.... 



Kilns. 



8 

 5 

 4 

 3 

 2 

 2 

 2 

 2 

 3 

 2 



33 



