CLAY WORKING INDTUSRIES. 129 



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paints must be seen and provided for and as all kinds of composition are 

 required in the colors, the adjustment of any possible glaze to all of the 

 various conditions it is required to meet seems well nigh impossible. 



The underglaze decoration while it is more difficult to perfect than 

 any other is the most valuable of any. i 



The work of the artist is indestructible to anything except the force 

 which shatters the work as a whole. The decorations of the white ware 

 potter are sometimes beautiful and well executed, but the work is 

 external to the ware and not an integral part of it and use will gradually 

 destroy its beauty. 



The success of this institution has , caused several attempts to be 

 made to start others, all of which are unsuccessful so far. 



Much artistic skill in parallel work is being expended in the pro- 

 duction of flooring and encaustic tile by the different tile companies of the 

 state, but this will be touched on in a later part of the work. 



II. THE MANUFACTURE OF PAVING MATERIA^. 



The manufacture of Clay Paving Material is a new industry in this 

 state and country and in the scale and manner in which the business is 

 conducted, it is a new one to the world as well. Bricks have in the past 

 been used to pave streets in a small way and in isolated cases for a long 

 time, but the growth of the modern traffic in vitrified, imperishable 

 materials designed and guaranteed to bear the severest traffic tor terms of 

 years is a new and valuable industry. 



The enormous bulk which the industry has attained in the last five 

 years is wonderful and the mental activity which has enabled a people 

 to so quickly grasp the main principles and with so few blunders carry 

 a new industry forward to a permanent success, is only another instance 

 of the energy and intelligence of the nation and the state. 



The manufacture of paving materials has been made the subject of 

 special inquiry in collecting the materials for this report, and while the 

 results have rewarded the effort, it is a matter of regret that the experi- 

 mental and chemical work which was undertaken was necessarily so 



much limited. 



The Clays. The choice of materials for the manufacture of vitri- 

 fied clay ware has been the subject of much discussion among the public 

 and some research by interested parties. 



The production of vitrified clay wares has not been confined to 

 paving brick or rather the ability to so rapidly and successfully produce 

 vitrified paving brick, has come from the long experience gained in the 

 manufacture of vitrified sewer pipes, by which the processes of prepara- 

 tion of the clays, the kilns and much general information on the subject 

 of clay working has been a heritage of unlimited value. 



The use of vitrified wares has been steadily on the increase and is 

 not confined to sewer pipes and paving material; building materials in 



9 G. O. 



