222 



GEOLOGY OF OHIO 

 TABLE XII. 



No. 1. Ballou fire-clay; Muskingum Co., Ohio, analysis by Lord. 



No. 2. Island siding fire-clay, Jefferson Co., Bolivar clay, analysis by Lord. 



No. 3. Phelps clay from Hocking Co., used by Wassail fireclay Co., analysis 

 by McDowell. 



No. 4. Hanging rock fire-clay, from Xittanning Horizon, from Portsmouth 

 Firebrick Co. 



No. 5. Oak Hill plastic clay ; partial analysis by D. O'Brien. 



No. 6. Plastic fire-clay from Gros Almerode, Germany. 



The average analysis of these clays indicates about the following 

 structure : 



Clay base 61.50 



Sand 32.00 



Fluxes 4.25 



with an oxygen ratio as follows: ' 



Oxygen in acid, 2.60 ; oxygen in base 1. Oxygen in alumina, 10.3 ; oxygen in 

 flux 1. 



This ratio indicates a clay very close to those used in yellow ware 

 manufacture and less sandy than those used in stone ware manufacture 

 and more refractory than the sewer pipe clays. 



Very much depends on the quality of these bond clays, for the action 

 of the bond under heat is very similar to its action when wet, even though 

 there be but little of it, it is the envelope which holds the other particles 

 in shape; if it softens and flows, the particles of good clay flow with it 

 while not affected much by the heat or water themselves. 



