PALEONTOLOGY. 491 



there were foreshadowed features that afterwards pertained to these two 

 groups of a later time; although the projecting teeth within the aperture 

 as hereafter described would preclude the possibility of an operculum in 

 this case., 



i 

 Genus ANTHRACOPUPA Whitf. 



Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xxi, February, 1881, page li6. 



Shell minute, pupaform, with few volutions, the last one unsymmetrical ; axis 

 imperforate; aperture large,' nearly vertical; peristome thickened, united above by 

 a thin callus on which may occur one or more palatal teeth; other tooth-like pro- 

 jections occur on the inner margin of the lip, and a small, nearly circular notch, 

 resembling that in Pupina, deeply indents the inner edge of the outer limb near 

 its junction with the body-whorl. Surface of the shell marked by fine, nearly ver- 

 tical lines. 



Type A. Ohioensis. 



Anthracopupa Ohioensis. 

 PtATE XII, figs. 15-17. 

 Anthracopupa Ohioensis Whitf., Am. Jour. Sci., Feb. 1881, vol. xxi, p. 126. 



Shell small and robust, having a length of about three and one-third mm. 

 with a transverse diameter of about two mm., and consisting of about four volu- 

 tions, the last one extremely ventricose, except on the outer half, where it is 

 obliquely flattened and contracted, and with theaperturCj forms about three-fourths 

 of the entire length of the shell. Aperture large, longer than wide, and broadly 

 rounded at the base; lip thickened, rounded within and forming a flattened thick- 

 ened rim on the outside ; particularly on the lower part Labial notch situated 

 very near the upper extremity of the lip, regular in shape, and forming nearly two- 

 thirds of a circle. A single tooth-like ridge of moderate size extends inward from 

 the lip at about the middle of, the cblumellar side, and another of greater size pro- 

 jects nearly vertically from the middle of the callus which coats the body of the 

 volution within the aperture. Umbilical chink small. Surface of the shell 

 marked by fine, nearly vertical, even striae orlines. Apex apparently mamillated. 



Formation and Locality.— -In the higher be:ls of the Coal Measures, 

 near Marietta, Ohio. The specimen figured is in the collection of the 

 Schools of Mines, Columbia College. 



Pupa velusta and P. Vermilionensis are both associated in the material 

 in which they are found with smalt helicoid shells {Zonites and Dawsonella), 

 also pulmoniferous in character; but the Ohio shell lip to the present 

 time is not known to have any such associate; on the contrary, like the 

 first individuals of P. vetusta discovered, it is accompanied in one of the 

 layers in which it occurs, by immense numbers of what appears to be a 

 species of Spirorbis, which is so abundant that small hand' specimens 

 froni which two of the Anthracopupas were obtained appear to be nearly 

 half composed of these shells. The form of the shell is similar to most 

 species of the genus, and haS a diameter of nearly one line. Although 

 it occurs packed together in such immense numbers in the rock it has 

 one surface generally more or less flattened as though for attachment to 



