102 



VAGINAL OVARIOTOMY IN THE MARE 



ger from the expulsion of liquid feces during the operation. 

 It is best, also, to empty the bladder before operating, other- 

 wise the animal is quite sure to urinate during the opera- 

 tion. 



Technic. The introduction of the hand into the vagina of 

 the mare causes the admission of air along the side of the 

 hand and arm. The vulvar lips fail to envelop the hand 

 and arm closely and the irritation or shock causes the animal 

 to draw air into the vagina alongside the arm, and fully 

 balloon it. The movements of the diaphragm in respiration 

 tend to cause a vacuum of both chest and abdomen during 



FIG. 44. 



Special spaying ecraseur, 55 cm. long. 



FIG. 45. 



Colin's scalpel. 



inspiration, and if the vulva is partly propped open and the 

 abdominal walls are fixed, air rushes in. The vagina may 

 also be distended by filling it with warm water. Under 

 these conditions the vaginal walls become hard, and stand 

 apart from each other, closely applied against the pelvic 

 walls at .every part except that at the points where the 

 bladder and rectum intervene, and these organs are pressed 

 out flat and occupy a minimum amount of space. In the 



