ARTHROLOGY 6 1 



ligament, the ligamentum capsulare. Capsular ligaments occur at 

 the articulations between the sterniun and ribs. 



Ligaments of the Shoulder-joint (Fig. 13). — The shoulder-joint 

 is made up of the scapula,, the humerus, and the coracoid. The ends 

 of these three bones form the foramen triosseum (Fig. 15, No. A, 7) 

 through which passes the tendon of the elevator muscle of the wing. 



The f urcula, independent of the shoulder-joint or girdle, is attached 

 to the supero-internal part of the proximal end of the coracoid by 

 fibrous connective tissue; it is also connected to the other bones of 

 the shoulder-joint by the ligamentum coraco-furculare and the 

 ligamentum furculo-scapulare. 



The ligamentum coraco-scapulare extends from the tuberosity of 

 the f urcula to the coracoid and to the processus furcularis of the 

 scapula. 



The ligamentum coracoido-scapulare externum extends between 

 the external tuberosity of the coracoid, the tuberosity of the scapula, 

 and the humerus. 



The ligamentum coracoideo-scaptdare inferius extends from the 

 coracoid to the inner tubercle of the scapula. 



Another long, broad ligament belongs to the episternal apparatus. 



The shoulder- joint is provided with a wide, loose, capsular liga- 

 ment (Fig. 13, No. 13). Attached to the humerus are four other 

 ligaments, of which three pass from the anterior end of the coracoid 

 and the fourth f rora the scapula. The latter are as follows : first, the 

 supero-anierior ligamentum humero-coracoideum, which extends from 

 the small tubercle of the humerus to the coracoid bone; second, the 

 antero-inferior ligamentum humero-coracoideum, which extends from 

 the humerus to the coracoid, third, the ligamentum coraco-humerale, 

 which extends from the coracoid to the large tubercle of the humerus; 

 fourth, the ligamentum humero-scapulare which extends between the 

 processus humeralis of the scapula and the head of the humerus. 



Ligaments of the Elbow-joint (Fig. 14). — The elbow-joint is made 

 up of the ulna, radius and the humerus. The ligaments of the elbow- 

 joint are as follows: the ligamentum capsulare cubiti, or capsular 

 ligament, which extends from the processus cubitalis of the humerus 

 to the processus olecranalis coracoideus of the ulna and to the tuber- 

 ositas radii of the radius (Fig. 15, No 5). 



The ligamentum laterale cubiti externum connects the outer hu- 

 meral distal extremity with the head of the radius (Fig. 15, No. 2). 



The ligamentum laterale cubiti internum lies between the inner 



